Psychology Exam 3 Tilley
Terms
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- social psychology
- psychology in application to social situtations (how thoughts and behaviors are influenced by others)
- primacy effect
- \"first impression\" tendency to attend to information that \"fits\" with our initial impression of a person
- self-fulfilling prophecy
- our own first impression can lead us to misinterpret others behaviors
- Rosenthal Late Bloomers
- -study to illustrate power of self fulfilling prophecy -drew names out of a hat and told teachers which would excel academically -teachers subconciously inflated those childrens\' grades
- self fulfilling prophency also known as
- rosenthal effect or pygmalion effect
- attribution
- study of how we make judgments about the cause of a behavior
- external attribution
- we determine the cause of the behavior is something \"external\" or \"outside\" of the person..not the person\'s fault
- internal attribution
- the cause of a behavior is something \"internal\" or \"inside\" the person...it is the person\'s fault
- Fundemental Attribution Error
- tendency to over emphasize internal causes or personal causes of others negative behaviors..under emphasize internal causes of our own negative behaviors
- self serving bias
- tendency to over emphasize internal factor when we are succesful and under emphasize internal factors when others are successful
- Just World Hypothesis
- people get what they deserve
- proximity
- most important factor with respect to interpersonal attraction..the closer you are with someone the more likely you are to find them attractive
- physical attractiveness
- we tend to like more physically attrative people than less physically attractive people -we assume more physically attractive people are intelligent, happy, kind, sensitive
- similarity
- we tend to be attracted to people who are similar to us-share similar background, beliefs, value systems
- complimentary traits
- seemingly opposite trait that compliments each other
- exchange
- gain-loss theory of attraction...we like people who show gradual increase in interest over time as opposed to the person who shows a bunch of interest right off the start
- intimacy
- quality of genuine closeness and trust achieved in communication with another person
- Festinger cognitive dissonance
- 1967 2 groups of people Both completed same task but one got paid $20 the other $1
- Who enjoyed experiment?
- $1 group enjoyed it..relaxing to them
- Explanation to Festinger
- cognitive dissonance
- Cognitive dissonance
- psychiological discomfortthat occurs when there are incongruence between our beliefs and our actions
- cognitive dissounce is so powerful we will either..
- change actions or change beliefs
- $20 group
- no incongruence, so no cognitive dissonance
- $1 group
- much incongruence, so much cognitive dissonance..must either change action or belief
- conformity
- yieling to social pressures
- Asch experiment
- 1950s group shown set of lines and told to match one with a traget line CATCH all were actors except one person...so actors picked one obvisously wrong 1/3 people ended up comforming
- factors affecting conformity
- group size, group unanimity, the more attached one is to the group, the more one expects to interact with group, the lower the status of a person, the less accepted the person is
- compliance
- getting someone to do something subsequent to a request
- foot in the door technique
- saying \"yes\" to something increases the chances of saying \"yes\" to something else
- door in the face technique
- asking for something ridiculous follwed by a much more reasonable request
- socail action
- how we act in groups of people
- deindividuation
- loss of sense of personal responsibility in a group of people (you gain a sense of anonymity)
- by stander effect
- tendency of a person\'s helpfulness in emergency decreases as the number of bystanders increases
- diffusion of responsibility
- more people that are present, the more likely the person will perceive his/her personal sense of responsibility to be diffused throughtout those people