Biology 4th Test

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This type of succession begins with water and bare rock: Primary
this type of succession is initiated by a catastrophic event and may take thousands of years: primary
the typical first colonists in primary succession on rock are?: lichens
This type of succesion begins with newly produced soil previously occcupied by plants and animals but now rendered barren: secondary
This type of succession occurs in highly eutophic lakes: secondary
These organisms are the 1st to colonize in both successions: plants
In this stage of succession gross energy produced is greater than energy used: early
In this stage \"r\" is selected: Early
K is selected in this stage: Late
This is the term for an organism benefiting its fitness while doing harm to another...: predatism or parasitism
if two organisms use the same resources and those resources are insufficient the organisms are in...: competition
If two organisms interact and they both benefit in fitness the interaction is called?: mutualism
If two organisms interact and one is benefited while the other is unaffected its called...: commensalism
if two organisms interact and one is unaffected while the other is harmed the interaction is called...: amensalism
An organism that has a big effect on its population is called a...: keystone species
When a keystone species is eliminated this results..: trophic cascade
Species that are thought of as representative of an ecosystem are called?: indicator species
Genetic Diversity refers to...: the diversity found within a species
This is also referred to as specific abundance of evenness: genetic diversity
Species diversity or species richness is..: the number of species in an area
In an ecological context species diversity really measures?: the extent to which niches have been realized
Ecological diversity refers to...: the vast variety of ecosystems
what are the two elements of species diversity?: richness and evenness(or abundance)
Which element of species diversity is more difficult to find data on?: abundance
IN what types of latitudes are most species found (low or high): low
these regions have higher species richness compared to these regions: mountainous to flat
species richness is higher on peninsulas and islands as opposed to the mainland?: false
What drives the processes that move material around the planet?: energy from the sun combined with radioactive energy
what are the 4 energy compartments?: oceans, freshwater, land, atmosphere
which compartment do most materials end up in?: the oceans
Oceans comprise what percentage of earths water?: 97.5%
What percentage of Earth\'s 2.5 percentage of freshwater is snow?: 70%
The atmosphere is what percentage nitrogen?: 78%
The atmosphere is what percentage oxygen?: 21%
The atmosphere is 1% what?: argon
the rate at which plants capture solar energy is called?: gross primary productivity
energy stored in tissue is called?: net primary production
HUmans use approx what percentage of net primary production from ecosystems each year?: 40%
what is the pattern of movement of an element through the 4 compartments called??: its biogeochemical cycle
the hydrological cycle operates because of?: the evaporation of water
most of earths carbon is stored in...: the oceans
what are the two factors that affect carbon going to the ocean: photosynthesis by plankton and formation of calcium carbonate shells by marine animals
this ocean has stored a disproportionate amount of carbon: north atlantic
carbon dioxide is what percentage of greenhouse gasses?: 72%
Methane is what percentage of green house gasses?: 18%
the movement of nitrogen on earth is called the?: global nitrogen cycle
where is acid rain derived from?: release of sulfur from fossil fuels
this element is abundant enough to meet the needs of organisms: sulfur
what was clements theory?: tightly integrated super organisms
What was Gleasons theory: loose assemblages
In this theory each species is part of a self regulated system: superorganism
in this theory communities are clustered: superorganism
in this theory disturbances to communities are usually self corrected: super organism
in this theory each species occurs because of a unique relationship with the environment: loose assemblages
in this theory disturbances to communities will likely change species composition: loose assemblages
in this theory there is no tight boundaries between communities: loose assemblages
what was the original estimate of extinctions per year...what is it now thought to be?: 30,000 140,000
what is the 6th mass extinction the result of?: human activity
huge advances in agriculture led to this??: green revolution
how many endangered species are there in texas?: 71
what is \"take\" defined as?: an attempt to wound kill injure harass trap capture or collect
What is a conservation easement?: a land acquistion that creates a legally enforceable agreement between the landowner and a government agency
what is a simple aquisiton?: a land aquisition that is just like a conservation easement except ownership is also transferred
what is a safe harbor agreement?: Landowners manage the enrolled property and may return it to originally agreedupon â€œbaselineâ€ conditions for the species and its habitat at the end of the agreement, even if this means incidentally taking the species.
Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances?: The FWS also maintains a list of â€œcandidateâ€ species for which the FWS has enough information to warrant proposing them for listing but is precluded from doing so by higher listing priorities. While listing actions of higher priority go forward, work is conducted to carry out conservation actions for these species to prevent further decline and possibly eliminate the need for listing. It is easier to conserve species before they need to be listed as endangered or threatened than to try to recover them when they are in danger of extinction.
CCAA?: non-Federal landowners volunteer to work with the FWS on plans to conserve candidate and other at-risk species so that protection of the ESA is not needed. In return, landowners receive regulatory assurances that, if a species covered by the CCAA is listed, they will not be required to do anything beyond what is specified in the agreement. Also will receive an â€˜enhancement of survival permit,â€™ allowing incidental take.
Conservation Banks: Lands that are permanently protected and managed as mitigation for the loss elsewhere of listed and other at-risk species and their habitat.
What are the two world views?: anthropocentrism and biocentricism
what is anthropocentrism all about?: humans are the center of the world!
Whats biocentrism all about?: everything has an equal right to exist!
whats a good example of an indicator species?: lechuguilla
what top predators can alert us to serious pollution problems?: peregrine falcons, tree swallows, brown pelicans
what does bioaccumulation refer to?: the accumulation of toxic substances in an organism(also referred to as biomagnification)
why will the pyramid of energy never be inverted?: law of thermodynamics
what is the conversion percentage from one trophic level to the next?: about 10% is transferred
what does ozone in the stratosphere do?: absorb ultraviolet light

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Number of cards 76

Created By mikel190