Soc Psych Test 3

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Attraction: Anything that draws two or more people together
Social Acceptance:: People like you and include you in their groups
Rejection (Social Exclusion): People exclue you from their groups
Most people seek to have how many close relationships?: 4-6
Reciprocity (Attraction): If they like us, they are hard to resist
Ingratiation: Someone does something nice
Mimicry: Often mimic people we like, or when one has good social skills. Usually not intentional
Similarity (perceived): Attitudes, interests, beliefs, experiences
High Self-Monitors: People who change to become more similar to those with whom they interact
Matching Hypothesis: People tend to pair up with others of similar attractiveness
Familiarity: Encourages liking. Mere-Exposure Effect says familiar people are more likely to become friends
What is beautiful is good effect: Attractiveness=superior ratings on other (irrelevant) traits
What is beautiful?: Symmetry and Typicality
Sexual Strategies Theory: Suggests that men and women look for different things because of their different investments in reproduction
Ostracism: Being excluded, rejected, and ignored
Effects of rejection: Immediate reaction of emotional numbing, later negative emotions. -Repeated rejection can create aggression, aggression can lead to rejection
Rejection Sensitivity: Expect rejection and become hypersensitive to possible rejection
Children are rejected by peers because...: they are aggressive, they withdraw from contact, or they are different in some way
Adults are most often rejected for...: being different from the rest of the group. \"deviance\"
Threat of rejection promotes...: conformity to the group
Passionate Love: Strong feelings of longing, desire and excitement toward a person
Companionate Love: Mutual understanding and caring
Sternberg\'s Triangle: Passion (emotional state with high bodily arousal), Intimacy (feeling of closeness), Commitment (Conscious decision)
Communal Relationships (Reciprocity): attempts to \"pay back\" favors may be seen as offensive
Attachment style may influence how one views...: partners, intimacy, and sex
Attachment Theory (2 dimensions): Anxiety and Avoidance
How committed are narcissists?: Less committed; always looking for someone better
Erotic Plasticity: Women\'s sexuality appears more malleable by culture
Social Constructionist Theory of gender differences: What we want to do and with whom depends on what society indicates is acceptable/desirable ex) Sexual revolution\'s effect on behavior
Evolutionary Theory on Gender Differences: Modern sexual behaviors and desires reflect behaviors that were successful in producing offspring
Social Exchange Theory of Gender Differences: Emphasize the economies and reciprocity of sexuality (women have supply, men have demand)
What factors increase jealousy?: 1) a threat? 2) public knowledge 3) challenges aspects of self
Reasons why we like the familiar?: No surprises, easy interactions, and less effort
Typicality in Faces?: Average or composite faces are more attractive than individual faces
Rejection and eating?: Rejection and fear of rejection are linked to eating binges and eating disorders. eats: fattening or junk food; undermines self-control; eating without really enjoying.
Minimal groups (and what tends to happen): groups assigned randomly, based on nothing (start to identify/favor those in your group
Blatant/Old Fashioned racism/sexism: Corresponds to explicit attitudes
Modern racism/subtle prejudice/aversive racism: Corresponds to implicit attitudes
Methods for measuring implicit attitudes: Implicit Association Test, Bogus Pipeline
Response amplification: When dealing with an out-group member, our behaviors are more extreme (pos or neg) than they would be with an in-group member
Ambivalence: Having both positive and negative attitudes about a group (\"they are nice but...\")
Scapegating can occur when...: bad times hit and there are no reasonable targets to blame (displaced aggression) ex. nazi\'s targeting of jews for post-WW1 problems
Realistic Conflict Theory: Competitions over scace resources leads to intergroup hostility and conflict
One person\'s expectancies influence another\'s behaviors. (called what?): Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
5 Effects of power on the leader: 1) Feels good 2) Directs attention toward obtaining rewards 3) Changes the relationships between people 4) Rely more on automatic processing 5) removes inhibitions against taking action
Characteristics of leaders: Humble; modest; extreme persistence; decisive; honest; have vision
Transactive memory: Members of a small group remember different things
Minority Influence: Within a group, those with differing views may change others\' minds, BUT have to be persistent
Group Polarization: Movement toward either extreme (risk or caution) resulting from group discussing
Groupthink: Tendency of group members to think alike
De-Individuation: Can lead to antisocial behavior
Social Loafing: People reduce effort when working in a group
Social Facilitation: Presence of others increases arousal
Optimal Distinctiveness theory: Tension between the need to be similar to group members and distinctive from them Ex) clothing stores
Cohesion: People are committed to the group, see it as valuable; strong normative influence similarity is valued (homogeneity)
Groups: Two or more people doing or being something together
Psychological reactance: Occurs when we perceive our options/freedom are being limited so we behave to exercise our freedom
Peripheral Route: Involves automatic processing, influenced by simple cutes; when audience is not motivated/able to think about it.
Central Route: Involves conscious processing; careful and thoughtful consideration; audience is willing and able to think
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM): Suggests that automatic and conscious processing are involving in different routes of persuasion
Distraction: Reduces amount of cognitive resources available; effective if message is weak; less effective with a strong message.
Public self-consciousness: People high in public self-consciousness are more persuaded by name brands and styles
Need for cognition: people high in need for cognition are persuaded more by strong arguments attitudes are more resistant to change
Repetition (more effective with variety): Good (to a point) if initially gets a initially gets a neutral or positive response Ex) Geico Caveman ads
Stealing Thunder: Revealing potentially bad evidence (or acknowledging the other side) to reduce impact; Source appears more honest and credible
Sleeper Effect: over time, people separate the message from the messenger
Credibility: Can I believe what he is saying?? A person can have it if they have expertise and are trustworthy
Likeability: Similarity to self; physical attractiveness
Persuasion: People in a good mood, are more responsive to persuasive messages
3 components of persuasion: Who-source of the message says what- the message to whom- the audience
Pique: Captures people\'s attention by doing something unexpected
Scarcity: Rare opportunities are more valuable than plentiful ones Ex) Starbucks holiday coffee flavors
That\'s-not-all (r): Begin with inflated request but immediately adds to the deal by offering a bonus or discount Ex) Promotions on TV \"Call now and get 2 steak knives free!\"
Door-in-the-face (r): Start with an inflated request and then retreat to a smaller one that makes it look like a compromise ex) Salesman asking for a donation, the person says no than the door starts to close, so the salesman retreats in offer and reduces it, to make it look like a compromise
Labeling (c): Assigning a label to an individual and then making a request consistent with that label ex) labeling a person with a characteristic; \"you have been so generous and helpful to me in the past... I was wondering it...\"
Bait-and-switch (c): Draw people in with an attractive offer that is not available and then switch to a less attractive offer that is available Ex) door busters for stores, you go there for the door buster but they say that the product they showed to get at the door was not available, but they give you something else that is less attractive.
Low-ball (c): Start with low-cost request and later reveal hidden costs; start with a target request (asking for a deal, you except, ad then the deal gets worse) Ex) someone agreeing to drive you to the airport, you agree, but then they tell you it\'s at 5 in the morning.
Foot-in-the-door (c): Start with small request to gain eventual compliance with larger request Ex) asking to borrow a dime, then down the road asking for something larger.
Public Compliance: Normative Influence Inner belief that the group is group (not always the case)
Private Acceptance: Informative influence
Informational social influence: Going along with crowd because you believe the crowd/group knows more than you do Ambiguous situation; crisis situation
Effects of one person breaking the unanimous nature of group (but risks)?: Breaks conformity; risks of social rejection when trying to deviate from the group
Normative Influence: Going along with the crowd to be liked (to fit in)
Jigsaw Classroom: Had success when pursuing the same goal; must depend on each other to succeed.
Contact Hypothesis: Only works among people of equal status; when in a positive situation; when out-group members are perceived as typical of their group
In-group favoritism: My Group is better than yours
Self-fulfilling prophecy: Tell us our attitudes were correct; behavior indicating a negative attitude can elicit behavior that confirms the expectancy.
3 reasons for behaviors reflecting an implicit attitude: 1) The norms indicate they aren\'t acceptable 2) The person isn\'t aware of their existence 3) Despite awareness, control efforts fail
Out-group homogeneity bias: We view our own group as more varied, and out-groups as \'all alike\'
Outgroups: A group of people excluded from or not belonging to one\'s own group, especially when viewed as subordinate or contemptibly different
Ingroups: Group of people united by common beliefs, attitudes, or interests and characteristically excluding outsiders
Outgroup: A group of people excluded from or not belonging to one\'s own group, especially when viewed as subordinate or contemptibly different.
Ingroup: Group of people united by common beliefs, attitudes, or interests and characteristically excluding outsiders
Women\'s sex drive...: more likely to enjoy love WITHOUT sex
Men\'s sex drive...: appear to have stronger sex drive than women; more likely to seek and enjoy sex WITHOUT love
Distress-maintaining attributional style: \"why did he do that dumb thing? That\'s just the way he is\"
Relationship-enhancing attributional style: \"Why did he do that nice thing? Because he\'s a nice person.\"

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Deck Info

Number of cards 97

Created By wannabearat