Geography 3.4
Terms
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- Fordism
- System of mass production and consumption with origins in early automobile manufactturing that lasted until the 1970's
- Post-Fordism
- A system of flexible manufacturing processes geared towards ever-changing, niche consumer markets. -worker productivity fell -rise in unemployment -trade defficite -GDP decrease -Oil price goes up due to OPEC -New competition from developing countries -less demand for manufactured goods
- Fordism Production
- -centralized -assembly line -mass production -wage control= cost reduction -large inventory of parts -loss of production time due to set up/ inventory bottleneck -standardization
- P-Ford Production
- -Flexible -small batch -decentralized -quality control -just in time production -reduction in lost time due to computers
- Fordism Labor system
- -single ttaska -job specialization -little training needed -no experience needed -little job security due to no unions
- P-Fordism Labor system
- -multiple tasks -worker co-responsibility -lots of training -weakened collective bargaining power due to global market -international division of labor
- Fordism Role of State
- -protect national industries -centralization -regulatee worker conditions -subsidy state/city -firm financed research and development -collective bargaining and union organization
- P-Forism Role of State
- -state backs free trade/ globalization -deregulation of industry -local based negotiations -privatization of social security -reduction in state subsidies for welfare -state financed development (public/private partnership).
- De-industrialization
- The decline of primary and secondary industry accompanied by a rise of the service sectors of the industrial economy.
- TNC
- Companies that participate in international trade with production, manufacturing, and sales operating in several countries.
- Location considerations
- -situation (Near input or market-related to the cost of transporting materials in and out of factory) -site factors (land, energy, labor and capitol).
- bulk-reducing industry
- final productt weighs less or comprises a lower volume than input (copper). It is best to be near input in this case.
- Bulk-gaining industry
- Final product is larger than parts thus it is more cost effective to be near the market.
- Why do cities improve themselves?
- To compete for industries that may want to locate there. Must look desirable so they improve/market sites.
- Commodity chain
- the steps a product goes through. (Idea-> manufacturing-> shipped-> marketed-> consumed)
- Employee Free Choice Act
- Will help laborers create unions.