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1. How much area of the normal curve falls between â€“1.96sd and +1.96sd? A. 10% B. 64% C. 95% D. 100%: C. 95%
2. What is an index? A. Asking for exact numbers, like hours of TV viewed B. It is a type of sampling used to even out strata C. A multiple item measure used to assess magnitude of knowledge D. The part of the book that defines jargon: C. A multiple item measure used to assess magnitude of knowledge
3. After you have tested a new scale what do you do? A. Use the test results to estimate population values B. Fix any problems and test it again C. Figure out the sampling error D. Change the scale to direct magnitude estimates: B. Fix any problems and test it again
4. What is a scale? A. How high the level of confidence is B. The graphic layout of sampling error C. How many questions can be in a questionnaire before people get tired of it D. A multiple item measure usually used to assess attitude, opinion or i: D. A multiple item measure usually used to assess attitude, opinion or image
5. Why are some scale items positive and some negative? A. To prevent response bias B. So the average is always the middle of the scale C. So people donâ€™t get tired of filling out the scale D. So you can have a negative scale score: A. To prevent response bias
6. In order to put verbatim responses into categories, what process should you follow? A. Figure out categories before the study begins B. Have at least two coders put responses into categories and check for disagreement between the coders C. Always: B. Have at least two coders put responses into categories and check for disagreement between the coders
7. Multi-stage sampling is ⬦ A. Sampling groups from one frame then sampling from those groups, such as sampling 5 zip codes from a city, then sampling addresses from those 5 zip-codes B. Not random C. Selected from cities in time sequences D. Use: A. Sampling groups from one frame then sampling from those groups, such as sampling 5 zip codes from a city, then sampling addresses from those 5 zip-codes
8. What is the normal curve? A. The shape of heads of Communication Faculty B. The distribution of sampling errors for different sample sizes C. The curve from which we get Ï‡2, t-values, r-values, etc. D. The probability distribution of equally lik: D. The probability distribution of equally likely events
9. Which of the following is true about the selection of sample sizes? A. To cut sampling error in half you must double the sample size B. To cut sampling error in half you must quadruple the sample size C. To cut sampling error in half you must cut: B. To cut sampling error in half you must quadruple the sample size
1. How much area of the normal curve falls between â€“1.96sd and +1.96sd? A. 10% B. 64% C. 95% D. 100%: C. 95 %
2. What is an index? A. Asking for exact numbers, like hours of TV viewed B. It is a type of sampling used to even out strata C. A multiple item measure used to assess magnitude of knowledge D. None of the above: C. A multiple item measure used to assess magnitude of knowledge
3. The example for ratings showed that for ±1.96sd the SE was ±3.1 rating points. How confident are you of the true result being within ?3.1 rating points? A. 64% B. 75% C. 95% D. 100%: C. 95%
The normal curve isâ€¦ A. The only probability distribution used by social scientists B. Not the only curve use by social scientists. Others include â€œchi-square,â€ â€œF,â€ â€œt,â€ and â€œuâ€ C. Not the only curve use by social scientists. Other: B. Not the only curve use by social scientists. Others include â€œchi-square,â€ â€œF,â€ â€œt,â€ and â€œuâ€
Why are some scale items positive and some negative? A. To prevent response bias B. So the average is always the middle of the scale C. So people donâ€™t get tired of filling out the scale D. So you can have a negative scale score: A. To prevent response bias
In order to put verbatim responses into categories, what process should you follow? A. Figure out categories before the study begins B. Have at least two coders put responses into categories and check for disagreement between the coders C. Always ask: B. Have at least two coders put responses into categories and check for disagreement between the coders
Multi-stage sampling is ⬦ A. Sampling groups from one frame then sampling from those groups, such as sampling 5 zip codes from a city, then sampling addresses from those 5 zip-codes B. Not random C. Selected from cities in time sequences D. Used f: A. Sampling groups from one frame then sampling from those groups, such as sampling 5 zip codes from a city, then sampling addresses from those 5 zip-codes
Convenience samples are⬦ A. Random, so you use the SEmax and SE calculations B. Used only for cross sectional surveys C. Selected from more than three locations to be valid D. Not random: D. Not random
Which of the following is true about the selection of sample sizes? A. To cut sampling error for N=100 in half you have to increase to N=200 B. To cut sampling error for N=100 in half you have to increase to N=300 C. To cut sampling error for N=100 i: C. To cut sampling error for N=100 in half you have to increase to N=400
10. The area under the normal curve between â€“1.96sd and + 1.96sd is important to social scientists. Why? A. It corresponds to being 95% confident that estimates from sample-based studies are accurate B. It is the area of doubt for estimates from sam: A. It corresponds to being 95% confident that estimates from sample-based studies are accurate
11. Which of the following is true about sample size? A. As sample size increases from 100 to 200, sampling error falls from 9.8% to 6.9% B. As sample size increases, sampling error decreases C. Increasing the sample size from 100 to 400 cuts the sam: D. All of the above are true
12. Why is it important to have interviewer instructions? A. To make sure bias is reduced by standardizing how the questions are asked B. To make sure that telephone numbers match respondents, such as voters C. So interviewers show up to work on tim: A. To make sure bias is reduced by standardizing how the questions are asked
13. What basic analysis can you do in a spreadsheet? A. Percentage B. Average C. Median D. All of the above: D. All of the above
14. Which of the following can affect internal validity? A. Regression B. Testing C. History D. All of the above: D. All of the above
15. What is contact rate? A. Number of interviews completed divided by the total number of units in the sample B. Number of interviews completed divided by the number of legitimate units in the sample C. Number of interviews completed divided by the: D. None of the above
16. Why use a sample? A. So your estimates will be 100% B. It is more time and cost effective than a census for large populations C. You donâ€™t have to worry about testing effects D. All of the above: B. It is more time and cost effective than a census for large populations
17. If you use volunteers what do you need to bear in mind? A. That they are representative of the overall population B. That their answers cannot be generalized to a population C. That you must check to see if you have a balance of males and femal: B. That their answers cannot be generalized to a population
18. Significance tells you⬦ A. The probability that there is a relation between two variables B. Whether your sampling error for descriptive data is accurate enough C. If you have a strong relation D. How much explained variance there is: A. The probability that there is a relation between two variables
The area under the normal curve between â€“1.96sd and + 1.96sd is important to social scientists. Why? A. It is the area of uncertainty that censuses represent the population corresponds sample-based studies are accurate B. It is the area of doubt for: D. It is the basis for saying there is a high probability that our sample represents the population
Which of the following is true about sample size? A. As sample size increases from 100 to 200, sampling error falls from 9.8% to 6.9% B. As sample size increases, sampling error will eventually decrease to zero C. Increasing the sample size beyond 40: A. As sample size increases from 100 to 200, sampling error falls from 9.8% to 6.9%
Why is it important to have interviewer instructions? A. To make sure bias is reduced by standardizing how the questions are asked B. To make sure that telephone numbers match respondents, such as voters C. So interviewers show up to work on time D.: A. To make sure bias is reduced by standardizing how the questions are asked
What basic analysis can you do in a spreadsheet? A. Percentage B. Average C. Median D. All of the above: D. All of the above
Cluster sampling uses⬦ A. Groups of questions rather than an entire questionnaire B. Groups of telephone numbers, but not locations or addresses C. Groups of the population for the frame rather than individual members D. Multiple research designs: C. Groups of the population for the frame rather than individual members
What is contact rate? A. Number of interviews completed divided by the total number of units in the sample B. Number of interviews completed divided by the number of legitimate units in the sample C. Number of interviews completed divided by the elig: D. None of the above
Why use a sample? A. So you can be confident that your results are close to the true value in the population B. It is more time and cost effective than a census for large populations C. It accurately reflects opinions in the population D. All of the: D. All of the above
If you use volunteers what do you need to bear in mind? A. That they are representative of the overall population B. That their answers cannot be generalized to a population C. That you must check to see if you have a balance of males and females D.: B. That their answers cannot be generalized to a population
Significance tells you⬦ A. If you have a strong relation B. Whether your sampling error for descriptive data is accurate enough C. The probability that there is a relation between two variables D. How much explained variance there is: C. The probability that there is a relation between two variables
19. What significance test is used if one variable is interval level of measurement and the other variable is ratio level? A. t-test B. Ï‡2 C. t-test for correlation D. r2: C. t-test for correlation
20. The F-test for multiple means is used for⬦ A. Significance tests for means by subgroups where one variable has more than two categories B. Significance tests for means by subgroups where one variable has only two categories C. Significance test: A. Significance tests for means by subgroups where one variable has more than two categories
21. If 47% of people in a sample of 350 voters said they support the presidentâ€™s economic policies, what can you conclude? A. A majority supports the president B. A minority supports the president C. The study needs to be done over because the esti: D. You canâ€™t tell whether a majority or a minority supports the president
22. If you use N=720, what is the SEmax? A. Â±1.3% B. Â±3.7% C. Â±4.8% D. You canâ€™t do SEmax until after the results are in: B. ±3.7%
23. What is the SEmax if all 1450 students at Whitman College get a questionnaire at registration? A. ±10.1% B. ±10.2% C. ±9.5% D. 0.0%: D. 0.0%
24. The graph that shows the relation between sample size and sampling error demonstrates that⬦ A. Bigger samples are always better because they have lower sampling error and lower cost B. Sample sizes of about 300 are the best combination of cost a: B. Sample sizes of about 300 are the best combination of cost and accuracy
25. Stratified random samples are useful for⬦ A. Small populations B. Short interviews C. Doing personal interviews D. Making sure the sample distribution closely matches the population distribution of important demographics: D. Making sure the sample distribution closely matches the population distribution of important demographics
26. Which of the following is random? A. Rate people on a scale of 1 to 10 B. Having people pick a number from 1 to 10 C. Putting your finger in the middle of a phone book without looking D. None of the above: D. None of the above
27. Why use a timeline? A. To make sure you have selected the appropriate research design B. To make sure the study is well organized C. To make sure the sample is random D. To make estimates more precise for a fixed sample size: B. To make sure the study is well organized
What significance test is used if one variable is interval level of measurement and the other variable is ratio level? A. t-test B. Ï‡-squared C. t-test for correlation D. r-squared: C. t-test for correlation
The F-test for multiple means is used for⬦ A. Significance tests for means by subgroups where one variable has more than two categories B. Significance tests for means by subgroups where one variable has only two categories C. Significance tests fo: A. Significance tests for means by subgroups where one variable has more than two categories
If 47% of people in a sample of 350 voters said they support the presidentâ€™s economic policies, what can you conclude? A. A majority supports the president B. A minority supports the president C. The study needs to be done over because the estimate: D. You canâ€™t tell whether a majority or a minority supports the president
If you use N=720, what is the SEmax? A. Â±1.3% B. Â±3.7% C. Â±4.8% D. You canâ€™t do SEmax until after the results are in: B. ±3.7%
What is the SEmax if all 1450 students at Whitman College get a questionnaire at registration? A. ±10.1% B. ±10.2% C. ±9.5% D. 0.0%: D. 0.0%
The graph that shows the relation between sample size and sampling error demonstrates that⬦ A. Bigger samples are always better because they have lower sampling error and lower cost B. Sample sizes of about 300 are the best combination of cost and a: B. Sample sizes of about 300 are the best combination of cost and accuracy
Stratified random samples are useful for⬦ A. Small populations B. Having a even distribution of males & females in the sample C. Making sure short interviews contain as many questions as possible D. Doing personal interviews: B. Having a even distribution of males & females in the sample
Which of the following is random? A. Rate people on a scale of 1 to 10 B. Having people pick a number from 1 to 10 C. Putting your finger in the middle of a page of random numbers D. None of the above: C. Putting your finger in the middle of a page of random numbers
Why use a timeline? A. To make sure you have selected the appropriate research design B. To make sure the study is well organized C. To make sure the sample is random D. To make estimates more precise for a fixed sample size: B. To make sure the study is well organized
28. Most scales are assumed to be at least which level of measurement? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio: C. Interval
29. Why do you need to monitor a research project you have commissioned? A. Honest people make mistakes B. To make sure the results, the estimates, are what you want C. To prevent competitors from doing research D. To allow local police to know you: A. Honest people make mistakes
30. What should be pretested? A. Questionnaires B. Lighting and audio in a focus group room C. Procedures for an experiment D. All of the above: D. All of the above
31. If you are willing to accept ±1.5% sampling error how big should the sample size be? A. 4267 B. 6400 C. 640 D. 652: A. 4267
32. A timeline should include⬦ A. When the report should be done B. When pre-tests should be done C. When data collection should occur D. All of the above: D. All of the above
33. In order to show whether or not there is racial profiling by traffic officers, what would be the best evidence? A. The percent of minorities who are stopped B. The percent of minorities who are stopped compared with the percent of others who are s: C. The percent of minorities who are stopped compared with the percent of minorities who commit traffic offenses
36. If your completion rate is expected to be 45%, how many phone numbers should you select to end up with N=475? A. 1056 B. 9474 C. 758 D. None of the above will get 475 completed: A. 1056
Most scales are assumed to be at least which level of measurement? A. Ratio B. Interval C. Ordinal D. Nominal: B. Interval
Why do you need to monitor a research project you have commissioned? A. Honest people make mistakes B. There are dishonest researchers C. People do a better job if they know they are monitored D. All of the above: D. All of the above
What should be pretested? A. Questionnaires B. Lighting and audio in a focus group room C. Procedures for an experiment D. All of the above: D. all of the above
If you are willing to accept ±4.5% sampling error how big should the sample size be? A. 4752 B. 453 C. 475 D. 494: C. 475
Interviewer instructions and other standardizations are used for⬦ A. Both qualitative studies and quantitative studies B. Only qualitative studies C. Only quantitative studies D. Only studies that use random samples: A. Both qualitative studies and quantitative studies
In order to show whether or not there is racial profiling by traffic officers, what would be the best evidence? A. The percent of minorities who are stopped B. The percent of minorities who are stopped compared with the percent of others who are stopp: C. The percent of minorities who are stopped compared with the percent of minorities who commit traffic offenses
If your completion rate is expected to be 56%, how many phone numbers should you select to end up with N=365? A. 1056 B. 652 C. 671 D. None of the above will get 475 completed: B. 652
37. Why is distribution important? A. You can have different averages for the same group B. Your strategies may be different depending on the average even though the distribution is the same C. Your strategies may be different for different groups ev: C. Your strategies may be different for different groups even though the averages for the groups are the same
38. Based on a sample of 1500 U.S. voters, 52% of Democrats say they would vote for Hillary Clinton. What does that mean? A. A majority of voters plan to vote for Hillary B. A majority of Democrats plan to vote for Hillary C. A minority of Democrats: D. None of the above
39. What are potential problems with RDD? A. Too many unlisted numbers will be in the sample B. You will get unusable numbers, like disconnected numbers C. You canâ€™t get all telephone numbers in a frame D. All of the above: B. You will get unusable numbers, like disconnected numbers
40. What does it mean to have a negative relation between number of items recalled from an ad and hours of TV viewed on the average day? A. As number of items recalled from an ad increases hours of TV viewed increases B. As number of items recalled fr: B. As number of items recalled from an ad increases hours of TV viewed decreases
41. Why should you use probes? A. To reduce the number of open-ended comments you get B. To help understand why an open-ended comment is made C. To reduce the size of the questionnaire D. To allow direct magnitude estimates: B. To help understand why an open-ended comment is made
42. If you get a t-test result of p=.004 what does that mean? A. There is no relation because it is too close to zero B. There is a positive relation C. There is a high probability that the tested relation exists in the population D. There is a low: C. There is a high probability that the tested relation exists in the population
43. Why is there explained variance? A. Because you need to know how strong a relation is B. So you know which category contains the highest percentage C. Because averages are not always correct D. So you know if your scale is a real number or not: A. Because you need to know how strong a relation is
44. What are the three basic types of analysis? A. Descriptive research questions, analytical research questions and causal research questions B. Descriptions of the sample, descriptive analysis, and relational analysis C. Percentages, frequencies a: B. Descriptions of the sample, descriptive analysis, and relational analysis
45. Which explained variance estimate would you use for the relation between race (Hispanic, white, etc.) and company image (scale score)? A. η2 B. C C. r2 D. Any of the above will work: A. η2
46. What does p<.05 mean? A. It is the probability that focus groups represent the population B. If you have an estimate (e.g., 50% of the population supports the president), there is a Â±5.0% sampling error C. You shouldnâ€™t go after 5:00 p.m.: 47. If you wanted to make sure there was proportional distribution of races in a sample compared to race distribution in the population, which sampling method would you use? A. Simple random B. Systematic random C. Snowball D. Stratified
48. Wanting to contact residences, you had an original sample of 400 addresses. There were 300 completed residential interviews, 25 refusals, 30 no answers, and 45 businesses and other junk. What was the response rate? A. 86.2% B. 75.1% C. 84.5% D.: C. 84.5%
49. In the table of correlations, above, which is the strongest relation? A. .32 B. -.56 C. .03 D. Canâ€™t tell from this table: A. .32
50. What should be pretested? A. The questionnaire B. Procedures like how an experiment will be conducted C. The lighting and other equipment, if used D. All of the above: D. All of the above
Why is distribution important? A. Your strategies may be different for different groups even though the averages for the groups are the same B. Your strategies may be different depending on the average even though the distribution is the same C. You: A. Your strategies may be different for different groups even though the averages for the groups are the same
Based on a sample of 1500 U.S. voters, 54% of voters say they would vote for Hillary Clinton. What does that mean? A. A majority of voters plan to vote for Hillary B. A majority of Democrats plan to vote for Hillary C. A minority of Democrats plan to: A. A majority of voters plan to vote for Hillary
What are potential problems with RDD? A. Unlisted numbers will not be in the sample B. You will only get residential numbers, so you canâ€™t get business phone numbers C. You canâ€™t get all possible telephone numbers in a frame D. None of the above: D. None of the above
What does it mean to have a negative relation between number of items recalled from an ad and hours of TV viewed on the average day? A. As number of items recalled from an ad increases hours of TV viewed increases B. As number of items recalled from a: B. As number of items recalled from an ad increases hours of TV viewed decreases
Why should you use probes? A. To reduce the number of open-ended comments you get B. To allow direct magnitude estimates C. To reduce the size of the questionnaire D. To help understand why an open-ended comment is made: D. To help understand why an open-ended comment is made
If you get a t-test result of p=.900 what does that mean? A. There is a relation because it is close to 1.0 B. There is a positive relation C. There is a high probability that the tested relation exists in the population D. There is a low probabilit: D. There is a low probability that the tested relation exists in the population
What is a frequency? A. The number of people who gave the same response B. The percentage of people who gave the same response C. The number of times a question is used in a survey D. The number of times the same category is used in a questionnaire: A. The number of people who gave the same response
What are the three basic types of analysis? A. Descriptive research questions, analytical research questions and causal research questions B. Descriptions of the sample, descriptive analysis, and relational analysis C. Percentages, frequencies and co: B. Descriptions of the sample, descriptive analysis, and relational analysis
Which explained variance estimate would you use for the relation between race (Hispanic, white, etc.) and company image (scale score)? A. Ï‡-squared B. C C. r-squared D. None of the above will work: D. None of the above will work
Richard Harket, VP of Coleman Research in Radio In Search of Excellence, NAB, said â€œResearch enables a radio station to speak to a few hundred listeners with the confidence that the opinions of these reflect the opinions of all listeners in equal propor: C. Sample
If you wanted to make sure there was proportional distribution of races in a sample compared to race distribution in the population, which sampling method would you use? A. Simple random B. Systematic random C. Snowball D. Stratified: D. Stratified
Wanting to contact residences, you had an original sample of 300 addresses. There were 200 completed residential interviews, 25 refusals, 30 no answers, and 45 businesses and other junk. What was the response rate? A. 84.5% B. 78.4% C. 66.7% D. None: B. 78.4%
In the table of correlations, above, which is the strongest relation? A. .32 B. -.56 C. .63 D. Canâ€™t tell from this table: C. .63
Why would you compute maximum sampling error? A. To see if the sample size is big enough to produce the accuracy you need B. To see if the sample size is big enough to produce a sampling error above 95% C. To make sure the sample is random D. To fin: A. To see if the sample size is big enough to produce the accuracy you need
How much area of the normal curve falls between â€“1sd and +1sd?: 68%
what does confidence level tell us?: How confident we are that the sample represents the population
If one poll says Obama leads Clinton 49% to 47% and another says Clinton leads Obama 50% to 46%, how do you know which one is correct?: they could both be correct
the normal curve is...: Not the only curve use by social scientists. Others include â€œchi-square,â€ â€œF,â€ â€œt,â€ and â€œuâ€
which of the following is true about the selection of sample sizes: To cut sampling error in half you must quadruple the sample size
In order to put verbatim responses into categories, what process should you follow?: Have at least two coders put responses into categories and check for disagreement between the coders
how do you standardize?: Have a list of â€œrulesâ€ for interviewers so all interview procedures are the same
significance tells you...: How probable it is that you found a real relation
The area under the normal curve between â€“1.96sd and + 1.96sd is important to social scientists. Why?: It is the basis for saying there is a high probability that our sample represents the population
Which of the following is true about sample size?: all the above are true
why use a sample?: It is more time and cost effective than a census for large populations
What relational analysis can you do if one variable is nominal and the other is ordinal?: crosstabulation
If you use a volunteer sample⬦: you cannot do significance tests
what is refusal rate?: Number of interviews refused divided by the number of legitimate units in the sample
If you use N=380, what is the SEmax?: ±5.0%
If 46% of people in a sample of 850 U. S. voters said they support the presidentâ€™s economic policies, what can you conclude?: a minority supports the president
If there are 17695 WSU-Pullman students and 395 Communication majors, and you sample 93 WSU-Pullman students to fill it an online questionnaire, what is the SEmax?: ±10.2%
What significance test is used if one variable is interval level of measurement and the other variable is ratio level?: t-test for correlation
Which of the following is a population?: All ads on Spokane radio in the last month
what is "random"?: The equal chance for each member in a population to be selected into a sample
If you use N=720, and 56% of the sample is female what is the SE for 56%?: ±3.6%
What is the SEmax if all 2500 employees at Spokane Bearing Inc. get a questionnaire about internal communication?: ±0.0%
The graph showing the relation between sample size and sampling error demonstrates that⬦: Sample sizes of about 300 are the best combination of cost and accuracy
nonrandom samples are...: Are not representative
Which of the following is random?: Putting your finger in the middle of a page of random numbers
why use a timeline?: To make sure the study is well organized
If the election is close and you must have no more than ±1.5% sampling error how big should the sample size be?: 4267
Why do you need to monitor a research project you have commissioned?: all the above
What should be pretested?: all the above
If you are willing to accept ±4.5% sampling error how big should the sample size be?: 475
Interviewer instructions and other standardizations are used for⬦: Both qualitative studies and quantitative studies
In order to show that your campaign caused sales to increase what do you need to do?: None of the above will show that your campaign caused sales to increase
If your completion rate for an e-mail crosssectional survey is expected to be 46%, how many phone numbers should you select to end up with N=300?: none of the above will get 300 completed
Why is distribution important?: Your strategies may be different for different groups even though the averages for the groups are the same
What is proprietary research?: Research that you pay for and that you want to keep secret from competitors
What are potential problems with RDD if you want to call residences?: You get business phone numbers mixed in with residential numbers
What does it mean to have a positive relation between number of items recalled from an ad and hours of TV viewed on the average day?: As number of items recalled from an ad increases hours of TV viewed increases
Why should you use probes?: To help understand why an open-ended comment is made
If you get a t-test result of p=.06 what does that mean?: There is not a high probability that the tested relation exists in the population
what is frequency?: The number of people who gave the same response
What are the three basic types of analysis?: Descriptions of the sample, descriptive analysis, and relational analysis
Which explained variance estimate would you use for the relation between income (dollars) and company image (scale score)?: r-squared
1. Why is â€“1.96sd to +1.96sd important to social scientists? A. It shows that there is 95% explained variance for a percentage B. It shows that weâ€™re 95% sure results from a sample are accurate estimates within sampling error C. It is used to cal: B. It shows that weâ€™re 95% sure results from a sample are accurate estimates within sampling error
2. What does confidence level tell us? A. How sure we are that the results from a sample have no error B. The sampling error C. The probability that the sample represents the population D. Itâ€™s the same as confidence interval: C. The probability that the sample represents the population
3. One of the polls using N=650 on 11/03/08 showed Obama getting 49% of the vote. He actually got 52%. Was the poll wrong? A. Yes, the poll was wrong because the poll showed less than 50% B. Yes, the poll was wrong because the sample was too big C.: D. No, the poll was not wrong
4. How can you bias a scale? A. Failing to have a mix of positive and negative items B. Using only language you have created C. Failing to pre-test the scale D. All of the above: D. All of the above
5. Which of the following is true about the selection of sample sizes? A. To cut sampling error in half you must double the sample size B. To cut sampling error in half you must quadruple the sample size C. To cut sampling error in half you must cut: B. To cut sampling error in half you must quadruple the sample size
6. If you get a verbatim response like â€œbilling blood suckersâ€ what should you do? A. Start planning a PR campaign to counter the negative effect B. Consider a follow-up future study to see if others have similar comments C. Donâ€™t worry about v: B. Consider a follow-up future study to see if others have similar comments
7. How do you standardize? A. Never ask income in real dollars because too many people refuse B. Have a list of â€œrulesâ€ for interviewers so all interview procedures are the same C. Select only one analysis technique (e.g., crosstabulation) before: B. Have a list of â€œrulesâ€ for interviewers so all interview procedures are the same
8. Significance tells you⬦ A. How well your variable explains a change in another variable B. How probable it is that you found a real relation C. Whether one relation explains more than another relation D. All of the above: B. How probable it is that you found a real relation
9. How do you figure sampling error for a convenience sample? A. Use the SE formula B. Only use the SEmax formula C. You do it the same as any other sample D. None of the above: D. None of the above
What is refusal rate? A. Number of interviews refused divided by the total number of units in the sample B. Number of interviews refused divided by N C. Number of interviews refused divided by the number of interviews completed D. None of the above: D. None of the above
Is it possible to sample content such as competitorsâ€™ web pages? A. Yes B. Yes, but only if you can identify the people associated with the web pages C. No D. No, you can only do a census of content: A. Yes
Based on results from a sample of 650 in your target population, 57.0% have high trust in your company and 51.5% have high trust in your competitor. Does a majority have high trust in your company? A. Yes B. No C. You canâ€™t tell whether a majority: A. Yes
Assume you are a legislator and you are given a research report that shows 89% of rapists consume pornography at least once per week. What does that show? A. Pornography causes rape B. There is a relation between pornography and rape C. Pornography i: D. None of the above
If you get a t-test result of p=.04 what does that mean? A. There is no relation because the correlation is close to 0.0 B. There is a positive relation C. There is a high probability that the tested relation exists in the population D. There is not: C. There is a high probability that the tested relation exists in the population
Which of the following is part of the Respondentâ€™s Rights in the â€œFocus Group Bill of Rights?â€ A. To be able to change any procedures at any time in the study B. To be told whether there will be video or audio taping C. To receive a discussion: B. To be told whether there will be video or audio taping
10. Which of the following is true about sample size? A. As sample size increases from 100 to 200, sampling error falls from 9.8% to 4.9% B. As sample size increases, sampling error will eventually decrease to zero C. Increasing the sample size beyon: D. None of the above are true
11. Which of the following is true about sample size? A. As sample size increases from 400 to 1600, sampling error is cut in half B. As sample size increases, sampling error decreases C. Sample sizes of about 300 are a good compromise between accurac: D. All of the above are true
12. What is a semantic differential? A. A technique for making sure your scale is 95% accurate B. A very precise way to scale, often using 0 to 100% C. A scaling technique that uses extreme positions (polar adjectives) D. All of the above: C. A scaling technique that uses extreme positions (polar adjectives)
13. What relational analysis can you do if one variable is a ratio level of measurement and the other is interval? A. t-test B. Crosstabulation C. Means by subgroups D. None of the above: D. None of the above
14. The PR Practitioner Roles Scale example in the book has eight items, four for Communication Manager Role and four for Technician Role. You should⬦ A. Calculate a total scale score on the eight items B. Calculate separate scale scores, one for Co: B. Calculate separate scale scores, one for Communication Manager and one for Technician
15. What is refusal rate? A. Number of interviews refused divided by the total number of units in the sample B. Number of interviews refused divided by N C. Number of interviews refused divided by the number of interviews completed D. None of the ab: D. None of the above
16. If you use N=720, what is the SEmax? A. ±2.5% B. ±3.4% C. ±3.7% D. ±4.2%: C. ±3.7%
17. If 48% of people in a sample of 2400 U. S. voters said they support the new presidentâ€™s economic policies, what can you conclude? A. A majority supports the new president B. A minority supports the new president C. You canâ€™t tell without know: B. A minority supports the new president
18. If there are 17695 WSU-Pullman students and 395 Communication majors, and you sample all 395 Communication majors who fill out an online questionnaire, and 13.4% say they voted in both the primary and the general election, what can you conclude? A.: D. None of the above
19. Is it possible to sample content such as competitorsâ€™ web pages? A. Yes B. Yes, but only if you can identify the people associated with the web pages C. No D. No, you can only do a census of content: A. Yes
20. Why would you do a survey instead of interviewing all of your employees even if that population is only 100? A. Sampling error is too big for a census of 100 B. You canâ€™t calculate sampling error for small samples C. You donâ€™t want to sensit: C. You donâ€™t want to sensitize all employees to the topics in the survey
21. Why is it important to have interviewer instructions? A. To make sure bias is reduced by standardizing how the questions are asked B. To make sure that telephone numbers match respondents, such as voters C. So interviewers show up to work on tim: A. To make sure bias is reduced by standardizing how the questions are asked
22. If you use N=450, and 26% of the sample is over 45 years old what is the SE for 26%? A. ±3.9% B. ±4.1% C. ±4.3% D. ±2.6%: B. ±4.1%
23. Which of the following is a frame? A. Males, 18-35 years old B. County clerk voter registration list C. A sample of 100 television stations D. All of the above: B. County clerk voter registration list
24. Bigger samples are always better is⬦ A. True because sampling error always goes down as sample size goes up B. Not true because extremely large samples cost more without a corresponding extreme reduction in sampling error C. True because you ca: B. Not true because extremely large samples cost more without a corresponding extreme reduction in sampling error
25. If you have a frame of 3000 professors at WSU and you want a sample of 200 using systematic-random sampling, what is the skip interval? A. 15 B. 200 C. ±6.9% D. ±7.4%: A. 15
26. What is a snowball sample? A. No chance in hell of being in the sample B. Using people you initially interview to recommend others to interview C. Adding sample members randomly to make sure you reach the desired sample size D. Asking the sample: B. Using people you initially interview to recommend others to interview
â€“1.96sd to + 1.96sd on the normal curve is important to social scientists. Why? A. The area between â€“1.96sd to + 1.96sd is the probability (.95) that random samples represent the population B. Between â€“1.96sd to + 1.96sd is the confidence interv: D. All of the above
Which explained variance estimate would you use for the relation between income (dollars in the previous year) and ad recall (number of items remembered from an ad)? A. Ï‡Â² B. C C. rÂ² D. None of the above will work: C. r²
What makes it likely that your sample represents the population? A. The sample demographics are close to known population demographics B. The frame was good (e.g., using random numbers instead of a telephone book) C. Each member of the frame had an e: D. All of the above
If you use N=1380, what is the SEmax? A. ±2.6% B. ±5.0% C. ±5.8% D. ±6.5%: A. ±2.6%
Based on a sample of 600 diaries, if your rating is 16 (a rating is a percent of the TV viewing households) and your competitorâ€™s rating is 10, what can you conclude? A. You are ahead of your competitor B. You are behind your competitor C. You canâ: A. You are ahead of your competitor
Why is it OK to put your finger in the middle of a random number table (without looking) to select a random number? A. Itâ€™s not OK because itâ€™s not random B. Each number had an equal chance of being where you put your finger C. Itâ€™s OK only if: B. Each number had an equal chance of being where you put your finger
28. If you have a very competitive media market and you want no more than ±1.0 rating point sampling error (a rating point=1%) how big should the sample size be? A. 96 B. 967 C. 9600 D. 12300: C. 9600
29. Why do you need to monitor a research project you have commissioned? A. Honest people make mistakes B. There are dishonest researchers C. People do a better job if they know they are monitored D. All of the above: D. All of the above
30. What should be pretested? A. Questionnaires B. Lighting and audio in a focus group room C. Procedures for an experiment D. All of the above: D. All of the above
31. Based on results from a sample of 300 in your target population, 22.0% have high trust in your company and 13.5% have high trust in your competitor. Does your target have higher trust in you vs. your competitor? A. Yes B. No C. Canâ€™t tell witho: B. No
32. Interviewer instructions and other standardizations are used for⬦ A. Both qualitative studies and quantitative studies B. Only qualitative studies C. Only quantitative studies D. Only studies that use random samples: A. Both qualitative studies and quantitative studies
33. What evidence should you use to help show that your campaign caused sales to increase? A. Time order, your campaign preceded sales increase B. Use a census to show that your campaign was the only variable that increased sales C. Figure sampling e: A. Time order, your campaign preceded sales increase
36. If your completion rate for an e-mail crosssectional survey is expected to be 54%, how many phone numbers should you select to end up with N=300? A. 547 B. 556 C. 553 D. None of the above will get 300 completed: B. 556
Significance tells you⬦ A. If you have a strong relation B. Whether your sampling error for descriptive data is accurate enough C. The probability that there is a relation between two variables D. How to be creative: C. The probability that there is a relation between two variables
Explained variance tells you⬦ A. If you have a strong relation B. Whether your sampling error for descriptive data is accurate enough C. The probability that there is a relation between two variables D. How to be creative: A. If you have a strong relation
If you are interested in the relation between two Likert-type scales which analysis do you do? A. Descriptive B. Means by subgroups C. Correlation D. Crosstabulation: C. Correlation
Why use a sample? A. So you can get exact statistics for a population B. Even small samples (e.g., N=20) have low sampling error (under 10%) C. You donâ€™t have to worry about testing effects D. None of the above: D. None of the above
Nonrandom samples⬦ A. Are representative B. Are useful for estimating population numbers (e.g., average number of technologies owned) C. Are used in surveys where accuracy is important D. None of the above: D. None of the above
How can you deal with verbatim responses? A. You can just list them B. You should always put them into categories for quantitative analysis C. Probe by using closed-ended responses (such as â€œgood, fair, poorâ€) D. None of the above: A. You can just list them
What is the SEmax if a sample of 1450 students at Whitman College get a questionnaire at registration? A. ±4.1% B. ±3.2% C. ±2.6% D. 0.0%: C. ±2.6%
37. Which of the following is part of the Clientâ€™s Rights in the â€œFocus Group Bill of Rights?â€ A. To be able to change any procedures at any time in the study B. To reduce payment proportional to the number of people who do not arrive at the foc: C. To receive a discussion guide well in advance of the groups
38. What is verification? A. Agreeing to the timeline with the consultant or the research director B. Checking references of a consultant to verify their credentials C. Pre-testing the questionnaire D. Contacting a small sample of those allegedly: D. Contacting a small sample of those allegedly interviewed to make sure interviews were conducted
39. What are potential problems with RDD if you want to call residences? A. Unlisted numbers will not be in the sample B. You get business phone numbers mixed in with residential numbers C. You canâ€™t get all possible telephone numbers in a frame D: B. You get business phone numbers mixed in with residential numbers
40. What does it mean to have no relation between number of items recalled from an ad and hours of TV viewed on the average day? A. As number of items recalled from an ad increases hours of TV viewed increases B. As number of items recalled from an ad: C. As number of items recalled from an ad increases hours of TV viewed stays the same
41. Why should you use probes? A. To reduce the number of open-ended comments you get B. To allow direct magnitude estimates C. To reduce the size of the questionnaire D. To help understand why an open-ended comment is made: D. To help understand why an open-ended comment is made
42. If you get a t-test result of p=.04 what does that mean? A. There is no relation because the correlation is close to 0.0 B. There is a positive relation C. There is a high probability that the tested relation exists in the population D. There is: C. There is a high probability that the tested relation exists in the population
43. If your sample had 44% males but the population had 51% males is your sample OK? A. Yes, because the difference is small B. No, because the difference is too big C. You can only tell by comparing the difference to the sampling error D. It is ne: C. You can only tell by comparing the difference to the sampling error
45. Which explained variance estimate would you use for the relation between income (categories of low, medium and high) and ad recall (yes, saw the ad vs no, did not see the ad)? A. Ï‡-squared B. C C. r-squared D. None of the above will work: B. C
46. Why do a significance test? A. To show if there is a high probability that a relation exists B. To determine which relations are strongest C. To find out how important a relation is for your campaign D. All of the above: A. To show if there is a high probability that a relation exists
47. What does the â€œNote on Cause-and-Effectâ€ in the book and the lecture say about significance and explained variance? A. If both are strong then there is cause and effect B. If you have significance and strong relations it is a good start in the: B. If you have significance and strong relations it is a good start in the right direction
48. Why would you compute maximum sampling error? A. To see if the sample size is big enough to produce the accuracy you need B. To see if the sample size is big enough to produce a sampling error above 95% C. To make sure the sample is random D. T: A. To see if the sample size is big enough to produce the accuracy you need
49. In the table of correlations, above, which is the strongest relation? A. .82 B. -.56 C. .63 D. Canâ€™t tell from this table: A. .82
50. What is the explained variance estimate for -.63 from the table above? A. -.40 B. +.40 C. It is .31 D. It is -.31: B. +.40
If you must have no more than ±6% sampling error how big should the sample size be? A. 467 B. 267 C. 458 D. 258: B. 267
After you have tested a new scale what do you do? A. Use the test results to estimate population values B. Fix any problems and test it again C. Figure out the sampling error D. Change the scale to direct magnitude estimates: B. Fix any problems and test it again
Based on a sample of 1500 U.S. voters, 54% say they support the presidentâ€™s stimulus package. What does that mean? A. A majority of voters supports the presidentâ€™s stimulus package B. A majority of citizens supports the presidentâ€™s stimulus pack: A. A majority of voters supports the presidentâ€™s stimulus package
If your completion rate is expected to be 65%, how many phone numbers should you select to end up with N=475? A. 642 B. 894 C. 731 D. None of the above will get 475 completed: C. 731
Which explained variance estimate would you use for the relation between race (Hispanic, white, etc.) and company image (scale score)? A. η² B. C C. r² D. Any of the above will work: A. η²
If you use N=120, what is the SEmax? A. ±8.9% B. ±9.7% C. ±7.4% D. None of the above: A. ±8.9%
Which of the following is true about sample size? A. As sample size increases from 100 to 200, sampling error falls from 9.8% to 6.9% B. As sample size increases, sampling error decreases C. Increasing the sample size from 100 to 400 cuts the sampli: D. All of the above are true
What is verification? A. Pretesting questionnaires B. Calling some of the phone number of completed interviews to make sure interviews were conducted C. Making sure procedures in an experiment run smoothly D. Double checking that sampling error calc: B. Calling some of the phone number of completed interviews to make sure interviews were conducted
In the table of correlations, above, which is the strongest relation? A. .32 B. -.56 C. .33 D. Canâ€™t tell from this table: B. -.56
What is the explained variance estimate for .33 from the table above? A. .66 B. .99 C. It is .11 D. It is -.11: C. It is .11

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