Psych-CH.10
Terms
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- intelligence test
- a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
- intelligence
- mental ability consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
- general intelligence (g)
- a general intelligence factor that, according to mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
- factor analysis
- a statistical procedure that identifies(factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score
- savant syndrome
- a condition in which a person otherwise has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation drawing
- creativity
- the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
- emotional intelligence
- the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
- mental age
- a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8
- Stanfor-Binet
- the widely used American recision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test
- intelligence quotient (IQ)
- defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a gicen age is assigned a score of 100
- achievement tests
- a test designed to assess what a person has learned
- aptitude tests
- a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
- the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
- standardization
- defining menaingful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
- normal curve
- the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
- reliability
- the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the conspiracy of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting.
- validity
- the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
- content validity
- the extent to which a test sample the behavior that is of interest.
- predictive validity
- the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assesses by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
- mental retardation
- a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligenc score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
- Down Syndrome
- a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
- stereotype threat
- a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype