endocrine - anatomical
Terms
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- located next to each kidney
- adrenal glands/ suprarenal glands
- adrenal cortex secretes?
- steroid hormones
- adrenal medulla secretes?
- epinephrine and norepinephrine
- regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance; some effect on sexual characteristics
- steroid hormones/ glucocorticoids/ mineral corticosteroids/ androgens
- affect sympathetic nervous system in stress response
- epinephrine/norepinephrine
- located one on each side of the uterus in the female pelvis, functioning to secret estrogen and preogesterone
- ovaries
- responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of reproduction
- estrogen/ progesterone
- located behind the stomach in front of the first and second lumbar vertebrae, functioning to secrete insulin and glucagon
- pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
- regulate carbohydrate/sugar metabolism
- insulin/glucagon
- located on the posterior aspect of thyroid gland in the neck, functioning to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- parathyroid glands
- regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
- parathyroid hormone
- located in the center of the brain, functioning to secrete melatonin and serotonin
- peneal gland
- exact function unknown, affects onset of puberty
- melatonin
- a neurotransmitter that serves as the precursor to melatonin
- serotonin
- located at the base of the brain
- pituitary gland/hypophysis
- anterior pituitary secretes?
- thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin
- posterior pituitary secretes?
- antidiurectic hormone and oxytocin
- stimulates secretion from thyroid gland
- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- initiates growth of ovarian follicle, stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males
- follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- causes ovulation, stimulates secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum, cuases secretion of testosterone in testes
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
- affects skin pigmentation
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
- influences growth
- growth hormoane (GH)
- stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy
- prolactin (lactogenic hormone)
- influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
- antidiurectic hormone (ADH)
- influence uterine contraction
- oxytocin
- located one on each side within the scrotum in the male, functioning to secrete testosterone
- testes
- affects masculinization and reproduction
- testosterone
- located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart, functioning to secrete thymosin
- thymus gland
- regulates immune response
- thymosin
- located in front of the neck functioning to secrete triiodothyronin (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin
- thyroid gland
- known as the thyroid hormones; regulate metabolism
- triidothyronin(T3), thyroxine (T4)
- regulates calcium and phosphorus metobolism
- calcitonin