Botany 2.6
Terms
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- ___ different amino acids are used to make protein. Humans can make ___.
- 20;11
- Essential Amino Acids (9)
- Histidine, Lysine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Leucine, Valine, Methionine.
- Monosaccharides
- Single sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
- Disaccharides
- Sucrose (glucose+ fructose- table sugar), Maltose (glucose+glucose- starch breakdown), Lactose (glucose + galactose-milk sugar).
- Polysaccharides
- cellulose (plant cell walls -most common cell on earth), starch (storage carb in plant), glycogen (transport carbs in animals), Fiber (various types of polysacs).
- Difference between cellulose and starch.
- They are both chains of glucose but they link different hus cellulose is insoluable and starch is soluable.
- Fiber
- Ca't digest it but it helps move things through our intestines. Insoluable= cellulose(paper) and lignin(wood). soluable= pectin, gums.
- Fats & oils (Lipids)
- organic molecules insoluable in water.
- Types of Fats and Oils
- Triglycerides (storage fats), Steroids (precursors to hormones, membrane stability, etc.), Membrane lipids (phospholipids).
- Saturated Fats
- Solid at room temperature (lard), "straight".
- Unsaturated Fats
- liquid at room temperature (oil), "kinky".
- Major and Trace Minerals
- Minerals that plants take in and we must consume to recieve them.
- Fat-soluable vitamins
- can cross into cells easily/ accumulate in fat tissue
- Water-soluable vitamins
- cannot get into cells as easily
- Based on archeological evidence, humans have existed for ___ years.
- 250,000
- Until ___ years ago, humans relied on ___ for food.
- 10,000; hunting and gathering
- Early plant breeders did simple things like (2)
- 1. Select seeds from largest or best producing plants for next year. 2. Then controlled breeding led to new types of plants
- Many or most domesticated plants are (4)
- 1.Monoculture 2.Low genetic diversity 3. Can't reproduce on their own 4. Need human assistance to exist
- Problems of Agriculture (5)
- 1.Sedentism 2. Poor diet (little variety) 3. Dependence on monoculture which can be whipped out quickly 4.Excessive resources used 5.Control of food by a few groups.