ns part2
Terms
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- condition without speech, impairment due to localized brain injury that affects understanding retrieving and formulating meaningful sequential elements of a language
- aphasia
- condition of difficult articulation, group of related speech impairments that may affect the speed range direction strength and timing of motor movement a result or paralysis weakness or incoordination of speech muscles
- dysarthia
- difficulty speaking
- dysphasia
- general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness, a common method of assessment is the Glasgow coma scale
- coma
- state of mental confusion due to disturbance in cerebral function--there are many causes including fever, shock, or drug overdose
- delirium
- impairment of intellectual function characterized memory loss, disorientation, and confusion
- dementia
- loss or impairment of muscle function
- motor deficit
- loss or impairment of sensation
- sensory deficit
- pain along the course of a nerve
- neuralgia
- temporary or permanent loss of motor control
- paralysis
- defective or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion
- flaccid paralysis
- stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder
- spastic paralysis
- partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body
- hemiparesis
- pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots
- sciatica
- sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses
- seizure
- to pull together, a type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of the muscles
- convulsion
- fainting
- syncope
- evoking a response by touching
- tactile stimulation
- increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain
- hyperesthesia
- abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause
- paresthesia
- any of many types of loss of neurological function associated with interpretation of sensory information
- agnosia
- inability to judge the from of an object by touch
- astereognosis
- inability to locate a sensation properly such as to locate a point touched on the body
- atopognosis
- disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual function, total disability, and death
- Alzheimer Disease
- a condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control, symptoms advance from muscle weakness in the arms, legs, muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing to total paralysis and death-also know
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- condition of motor dysfucntion caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination
- cerebral palsy (CP)
- disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain
- cerebrovascular disease
- hardening of the arteries of the brain
- cerebral arteriosclerosis
- condition of lipid buildup within the blood vessels of the brain
- cerebral atherosclerosis
- dilation of a blood vessel in the brain
- cerebral aneurysm
- presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel in the brain
- cerebral thrombosis
- obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through circulation
- cerebral embolism
- damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease
- cerebrovascular accident stroke (CVA)
- brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurological deficit-often proceed a CVA
- transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain
- carotid TIA
- ischemia of the posterior circulation of the brain
- vetebrobasilar TIA
- inflammation of the brain
- encephalitis
- disorder affecting the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures
- epilepsy
- stiffening-jerking a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups--previously termed grand mal seizure
- tonic-clonic
- seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement --preciously termed petit small seizure
- absence
- seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms
- partial
- tumor of glial cells graded by degree of malignancy
- glioma
- protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on nerve root
- herniated disk
- viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilaterally also known as shingles
- herpes zoster
- hereditary disease of the central nervous system, characterized by bizarre involuntary body movement and progressive dementia
- Huntington Disease (HD) Chorea
- abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor
- hydrocephalus
- benign tumor of the coverings of the brain
- meningioma
- inflammation of the meninges
- meningitis
- paroxysmal attacks of mostly unilateral headache often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, and/or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries
- migraine headache
- disease of the CNS characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers with episodes of neurological dysfunction followed by recovery
- multiple sclerosis (MS)
- autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength with activity and a return of strength after a period of rest
- myasthenia gravis
- inflammation of the spinal cord
- myelitis
- conditions of abnormal function of the sympathetic nervous system in response to pain perception usually as the result of an injury to an extremity; symptoms include persistent burning pain tissue edema join tenderness changes in skin color and temperatur
- reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD)
- sleep disorder characterized by a sudden uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis and dream intruding while away
- narcolepsy
- condition of slowly progressive degeneration of an area of the brainstem resulting in decrease of dopamine characterized by tremor rigidity of muscles and slow movements usually occurring later in life
- Parkinson disease
- paralysis
- plegia
- paralysis on one side of the body
- hemiplegia
- paralysis from waist down
- paraplegia
- paralysis of all four limbs
- quadriplegia
- inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
- poliomelyitis
- inflammation involving two or more nerves often owning to a nutritional deficiency such as lack of thalamine
- polyneuritis
- congenital defect in the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches often resulting in pouching of spinal membranes or tissue
- spina bifida