veins
Terms
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- superior vena cava & infenfior vena cava
- two large, major vessels that empty into the right atrium of the heart
- lymphatic system
- transport fluid to the bloodstream, assist in fat absorption, help protect the body from bacterial invasion
- lymph
- fluid composed of blood plasma minus certain macroproteins; enters a network of lymph capillaries & moved from there into larger lymph ducts, eventually also draining into the subclavian veins
- lymph nodes
- small oval bodies composed of reticular tissue which is adapted specifically to filter lymph
- germinal centers
- (w/in lymph nodes) sites of lymphocyte production
- most common lymph nodes:
- popliteal, inguinal, lumbar, cubital, axillary, cervical
- veins of the head, neck, & brain:
- 1. temporal vein 2. occipital vein 3. external jugular vein 4. subclavian vein 5. ophthalmic vein 6. facial vein 7. superior thyroid vein 8. internal jugular vein 9. brachiocephalic vein
- internal jugular vein
- Extremely important to the venous system because all blood from the brain and deep areas of the face and neck are drained into it. There are two jugular veins, and they pass down the neck beside the common carotid arteries. They empty into the subclavian veins.
- brachiocephalic vein
- also called innominate veins
- innominate veins
- Where the subclavian and internal jugular veins come together. There are two of these, and they merge together to form the superior vena cava.
- external jugular
- The blood from the top of the head, part of the face, and the superficial neck region drain into these veins. They also empty into the subclavian veins.
- diploic
- There are several diploic veins, including the frontal diploic vein, occipital diploic vein, anterior temporal diploic vein, and posterior temporal diploic vein. These comprise the veins of the skull.
- supratrochlear
- These two veins begin high in the forehead and descend to the root of the nose.
- retromandibular
- Formed in the parotid gland by a union of the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein. It literally means behind the mandible.
- basilic
- A major superficial vein of the upper extremity. It passes on the ulnar side of the forearm and eventually forms the axillary vein.
- cephalic
- In addition to the cephalic vein, there are accessory cephalic and median cephalic veins. The cephalic vein is the other main superficial vein of the arm.
- median cubital
- A large branch of the cephalic vein which goes over the cubital fossa and joins with the basilic vein.
- median antebrachial
- Arises from the palmar venous plexus and passes up the forearm.
- plexus
- The term plexus means literally a network or tangle. It is a general term for a network of lymphatic vessels, nerves, or veins.
- azygos
- In addition to the azygos vein, there is a left azygos and a lesser superior azygos vein. The azygos vein extends superiorly along the abdominal and thoracic walls on the right side of the vertebral column. At the level of T4 it joins directly with the superior vena cava.
- hemiazygos
- This is a tributary of the azygos vein.
- saphenous
- The small saphenous and the great saphenous veins are the superficial veins of the lower extremity. They are also called the greater saphenous and lesser saphenous veins. The greater saphenous is the longest vein of the body and is often harvested to repair vessels of the heart.