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Terms
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- Anti-social personality
- A disorder in which a person, also called a psychopath or a sociopath, is superficially charming and a habitual liar, has no regard for others, shows no remorse after hurting others, has no shame for behaving in an outrageously objectionable manner, is unable to form relationships and rake responsibility, and does no learn from punishment
- Avoidant personality
- A disorder in which individuals have poor self-esteem and thus are extremely sensitive to potential rejection and remain aloof even though they very much desire affiliation and affection
- Borderline personality
- A disorder in which people are impulsive and unpredictable, with an uncertain self-image, intense and unstable social relationships, and extreme mood swings
- Dependent personality
- A disorder in which people lack self-confidence and passively allow others to run their lives and make no demands on them so as not to endanger these protective relationships
- Dialectical behaviour therapy
- A therapeutic approach to borderline personality disorder that combines client-centred empathy and acceptance with behavioural problem solving, social skills training and limit setting
- General personality disorder
- A new DSM-5 category that reflects establishing whether a personality disorder first exists in general and then evaluating whether the criteria of a specific personality can also be applied
- Histrionic personality
- A disorder in which the person is overly dramatic and given to emotional excess, impatient with minor annoyances, immature, dependent on others, and often sexually seductive without taking responsibility for flirtations. Formerly called "hysterical personality."
- Narcissistic personality
- A disorder in which people are extremely selfish and self-cenetered; have a grandiose view of their uniqueness, achievements, and talents, and have an insatiable craving for admiration and approval from others. They are exploitative to achieve their own goals and expect much more from others than they themselves are willing to give.
- Obsessive-compulsive personality
- A disorder in which people have inordinate difficulty making decisions, are overly concerned with details and efficiency, and relate poorly to others because they demand that things be done their way. They are unduly conventional, serious, formal, perfectionistic, and have reduced emotional expression.
- Paranoid personality
- A disorder in which a person expects to be mistreated by others and becomes suspicious, secretive, jealous, and argumentative. He or she will not accept blame and appears cold and unemotional.
- Personality disorders
- A heterogeneous group of disorders, listed separately on Axis II in DSM-IV, regarded as long-standing; inflexible, and maladaptive personality traits that impair social and occupational functioning. Research suggests that personality disorders and dysfunction should be conceptualized as continuous dimensions rather than categories
- Personalized therapy
- An approach advocated by Millon and Grossman. Therapy is tailored ti each person's unique personality and associated needs and personality styles
- Psychopathy
- Also called anti-social personality
- Schema therapy
- A form of cognitive therapy developed primarily by Young. It focuses on identifying and modifying specific cognitive schemas believed to be at the root of personality dysfunction
- Schizoid personality
- A disorder in which the person is emotionally aloof; indifferent to the praise, criticism and feelings of others, and usually a loner with few if any close friends and with solitary interests.
- Schizotypal personality
- A disorder in which a person is eccentric, has oddities of thought and perception (magical thinking, illusions, depersonalization, derealization), speaks digressively and with overelaborations, and is usually socially isolated. Under stress he or she may appear psychotic