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Terms
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- Functional assessment
- A process of finding information about the events that precede and follow a behaviour to determine which antecedents and consequences are reliably associated with a behaviour.
- ABC observation
- A functional assessment method involving direct observation of the antecedents, target behaviour and consequences of the behaviour.
- ABC observation is usually conducted in what setting?
- The natural environment of the behaviour
- Scatter plot
- A type of functional assessment procedure in which you record each half hour whether the behaviour occurred in the preceding half hour.
- A scatter plot is used to?
- Establish the temporal pattern in the behaviour.
- Descriptive assessments
- Together as a group, indirect and direct functional assessment methods are called descriptive assessments.
- Experimental analysis/Functional analysis
- The scientific study of behaviour and the types of environmental events that are functionally related to the occurrence of behaviour. Involves laboratory research with nonhumans and humans.
- Exploratory functional analysis
- A type of functional analysis in which the behaviour analyst may not have a hypothesis about the reinforcing consequence maintaining the problem behaviour and is exploring a range of possibilities in the functional analysis. An exploratory functional analysis typically includes three or four test conditions and a control condition. In each test condition, the behaviour analyst presents an EO and a possible reinforcer for the problem behaviour and, in a control condition, presents an AO and withholds the possible reinforcers.
- Hypothesis-testing functional analysis
- When one condition (test condition) presents the hypothesized EO, and when the problem behaviour occurs, presents the hypothesized reinforcer. The other condition (the control condition) presents the hypothesized AO, and if the problem behaviour occurs, does not provide the hypothesized reinforcer.
- Functional interventions
- Interventions that decrease problem behaviours without the use of punishment by modifying the antecedents and consequences that control the behaviours.
- The three types of functional interventions are?
- Extinction, Differential reinforcement and Antecedent control
- The four broad classes of reinforcing consequences for problem behaviours are?
- Social positive reinforcement, Social negative reinforcement, Automatic positive reinforcement and Automatic negative reinforcement
- Social positive reinforcement
- When a positively reinforcing consequence is delivered by another person after the target behaviour
- Social negative reinforcement
- When a behaviour is maintained by negative reinforcement that is delivered by another person
- Automatic positive reinforcement
- When the behaviour produces a reinforcing consequence automatically and the behaviour is strengthened
- The 3 functional assessment methods are?
- Indirect methods, Direct observation methods, Experimental methods (functional analysis)
- Indirect assessment methods
- When interviews and questionnaires are used to gather information from the person exhibiting the problem behaviour (client) or a person who knows them well
- Direct observation methods
- When a person observes and records the antecedents and consequences each time the problem behaviour occurs
- What are the 3 direct observation methods?
- The descriptive method, the checklist method and the interval or real-time method
- The descriptive method
- The observer writes a brief description of the behaviour and of each antecedent and consequent event each time that the behaviour occurs.
- The checklist method
- For conducting ABC observations involves a checklist with columns for possible antecedents, behaviour and consequences
- Experimental methods
- When we conduct a functional assessment then we manipulate antecedent or consequent variables to demonstrate their influence on the problem behaviour