LAST ANCIENT HISTORY TEST SUCK IT
Terms
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- trade
- economic backbone
- Bedouins
- nomads who lived in Arabia
- muru'ah
- manly trait meaning grace, restrain, loyalty, and respect for women
- hospitality
- love of strangers; originally b/c of desert conditions
- Muhammed
- born in Mecca; merchants assistant; social activist; critical of materialism and paganism and unjust treatment of the poor
- Mecca
- governed like a tribe
- kaba
- building that held a black stone which was "stained with sin"
- Gabriel
- gave the white/black stone to Abraham and appeared to Mohammed and inspired him to write the Koran
- Jesus Christ
- a prophet
- Koran
- The collected revelations given to Mohammed by Gabriel.
- Allah
- the one god in Islamic beliefs
- Islam
- "submission to the will of god"
- Muslim
- "one who has submitted"
- Monotheism
- Jesus only has one nature
- hegira or Hijrah
- Muhammed's journey to Medina. Beginning of Islamic calender
- Medina
- city where Muhammed went at 622. Muhammed created Islamic community.
- Umma
- Islamis religious community
- Abu Bakr
- Muhammed's succesor; father in law
- Hadith
- reports activities of Muhammed
- Sunnah
- customs or practices of the prophet (Muhammed)
- Sunni Islam
-
*Believed four caliphs were "rightly guilded"
*follow Muhammed's example
*Claim Shia have distorted various meanings in the Koran - Shiites
-
*Believe that Ali should've succeeded Muhammed
* Believe that all Muslim rulers should be descended from Muhammed
* Claim that Sunni have distorted various parts of the Koran - caliph
- temporal ruler
- Five obligations/ pillars
-
1. Procession of Faith
- No God but Ala, Muhammed was the last prophet
2. Prayers are uttered 5 times a day facing Mecca
3. Give Alms (charity)
4. fasting during the month of Ramadan
5. The pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime - Sharia
- 'The Path' law provided by Allah as a guide for proper living
- Rightly guided caliphs
- Islam spread rapidly under these rulers
- jihad
- holy war or striving
- Cordoba
- Spain's center, conquered by Islam
- 732
- Muslim expansion in Europe came to an abrupt hault (Battle of Tours)
- Umayyad dynasty
- created by Muahiyah after Muhammed's son's death. succesful navy
- Damascus
- the Islamic capital
- Greek Fire
- the weapon used by the Byzantines; liquid fire
- Constantinople
- capital of the Byzantium empire. Defeated the UUmayyads with Greek Fire.
- Pyrenees
- mountains between Spain and France that the Muslims crossed
- Charles Martel
- general of army that defeated the Muslim army
- Tours
- defeat of the Umayyads by Charles Martel in 732
- Abassid dynasty
- ruled the Muslim world for 500 years. Established treatment of all Muslims. High point of Islamic power