Psych 250 lec 2
Terms
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copy deck
- chromosomes
- rodlike structures inside cell nucleus
- what do chromosomes do?
- store and transmit genetic information
- how many pairs of chromosomes are there in each cell?
-
23
- autosomes
- regular pairs -- 22 of the 23
- sex chromosomes
- 23rd pair -- determines sex of child
- What is DNA?
- executive of the cell and basis for heredity
- Gene
- a segment of DNA along length of chromosome -- contain hereditary instructions
- Genes come in different forms known as...
- alleles
- Two different types of alleles
- homozygous and heterozygous
- homozygous alleles
- alles in pair are the same
- heterozygous
- alleles in pair are different
- sex cells are called...
- gametes
- sperm, ova only hold __ chromosomes
- 23
- X-linked inheritance
-
recessive gene is carried on the X chromosome in 23rd pair.
women are protected, men are not protected - genomic imprinting
-
genes chemically marked or modified.
they will behave differently depending on whether they came from the mother or father - polygenic inheritance
- multiple genes interact to produce a characteristic
- Heritability estimates =
- measures the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors.
- can Heritability estimates be applied to a single individual?
- NO
- Concordance rates
- % of instances in which both twins show a trait when its present in one twin-- expected differences based on twin status
- Range of reaction
- potential variability depending on environmental conditions, in the expressing of a traid -- INDIVIDUALS-- traits themselves differ
- Canalization
- limitation on the variance of expression of certain inherited characteristics
- passive genotype/environment interactions
- parents provide environment influenced by their own heredity
- evocative genotype/environment interactions
-
different genetically
based attributed evoke certain responses - Niche-picking/Active Influences:
- individuals seek out environments most compatible with their genetic predisposition
- the childrens environment consists of many influences
- the family, peers, school and teachers, neighborhood, town and cities, social class, largeral cultural context/cultural values
- Research example: meaningful differences (hart and risley, 1995)
- looked at associations between family interaction patterns and vocab growth rate
- Hart and Risleys findings
-
amount of talk to child in early was a big predictor of verbal intelligence at age 3 and 9
- factor most strongly associated with amount of talk was socioeconomic status - developmental niche
- the interaction of components that affects what goes on within the microsystem and determines the unique world of the child.