Nutquiz4
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- 1. Indicate the composition of NDF, NSC, and NFC? And define each
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NSC(Non Structural Carbohydrates)- made up of Starch, Sugar, & Pectin
NFC-Measures the NSC NFC=100 – [%NDF +%CP+%Fat+%Ash]
NDF(Non Digestible Fiber)- made up of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, & Lignin
- 2. Indicate 5 symptoms of feeding excess NFC (>40%) in dairy cows’ diet
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⬢ Low or fluctuating DMI
⬢ Low milk fat%, high milk protein%
⬢ Acidosis problems
⬢ Rapid hoof growth, sore feet lameness
⬢ Excessive corn in the manure
- 3. Define effective fiber?
- The portion of the fiber that maintains normal rumen function and motility, forms the forage meat in the rumen, and stimulates cud chewing
- 4. List 6 symptoms of effective fiber deficiency in cows’ diet
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⬢ Milk fat & milk protein test inversions
⬢ Loose manure
⬢ Lack of cud chewing
⬢ Laminitis
⬢ Response to buffer
⬢ Variable dry matter intake
- 5. What is a by-pass protein? Define RUP, RDP, RSP, and MUN?
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⬢ A by-pass protein is portion that is not degraded by rumen microorganisms, RUP are by-pass proteins
⬢ RUP- Rumen Undegradable Protein
⬢ RDP- Rumen Degradable Protein, gets broken down to ammonia (NH3) or amino acids
⬢ RSP- Rumen Soluble Protein, is rapidly degraded in rumen
⬢ MUN- Milk Urea Nitrogen, caused by excess RDP in ration
- 6. How many pounds of urea should lactating cows, dry cows and heifers should be fed per day?
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⬢ Lactating cow: 0.2lb/cow/day
⬢ Dry cow& Heifer: 0.2lb/cow/day
⬢ Limit to 0.4 lb/cow/day
- 7. How many pounds of microbial protein are synthesized daily in the rumen?
- 3-5.5lbs
- 9. For ruminants and monogastric animal, digested CHO are mostly absorbed in the blood as?
- ⬢ Glucose
- 13. Define these abbreviations: ATP, ADP, NAD, NADH, FAD, FADH2, NADPH
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• ATP – Adenosine triphosphate
• ADP – Adenosine Diphosphate
• NAD(NADH) – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
• FAD(FADH2) – Flavin adenine dinucleotide
• NADP – nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - 14. List by order of priority the fates of absorbed CHO
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⬢ First Priority
o Stored in liver and muscles as glycogen
⬢ Second Priority
o Oxidized to provide energy
⬢ Third Priority
o Stored in adipose tissue as triglycerides
- 15. How many Kcal make one ATP?
- 8 kcal
- 16. Define Oxidation and reduction of a compound
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⬢ Oxidation: loss of electrons by a compound
⬢ Reduction: Acceptance of electrons by a compound
- 1. List coenzymes of the electron transport system; their oxidized and reduced forms
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⬢ NAD+
⬢ FAD
⬢ NADP+
⬢ Misc. cytochromes
⬢ O2 final electrons receiver
- 18. How you would write an electron?
- H+
- 20. Indicate the function of glycolysis; then indicate metabolic intermediates produced in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway
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⬢ Glycolysis Function: Break down of glucose and formation of energy ATP, Provides metabolic intermediate for other pathways
⬢ Metabolic Intermediates: Pyruvate, Glucose, Lactate formation
- 21. Define the following words: Glucogenesis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis
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⬢ Glucogenesis: The formation of glucose by the breakdown of glycogen
⬢ Gluconeogenesis: Formation of glucose from nutrients other than CHO, liver is main site
⬢ Glycogenolysis: When blood glucose level is low, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose
⬢ Glycogenesis: Formation or synthesis of glycogen in the liver & muscles
- 22. Indicate in the cell where glycolysis is taking place?
- ⬢ Cytosol
- 23. List the starting and the ending products of PDH pathway
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Starting: Ending:
Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA
CoASH NADH
NAD CO2