Nut exam1
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- 1. List 7 monosaccharides CHO. Then indicate the hexoses and the pentoses
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a. Hexoses
i. Glucose
ii. Fructose
iii. Galactose
iv. Mannose
b. Pentoses
i. Arabinose
ii. Xylose
iii. Ribose
- 2. What is an aldehyde group and a ketone group
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a. R-CH=O
b. (R-)C=O
- 3. Indicate the CHO with a ketone group?
- Fructose
- 4. What is the difference between fructose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, and trehalose?
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a. Maltose has an alpha 1-4 linkage
b. Cellobiose has a beta 1-4 linkage
c. Trehalose has an alpha 1-1 linkage
d. Lactose has a beta 1 galactose – 4 glucose linkage
e. Fructose is a monosaccharide
- 5. “ß 1galactose + 4 glucose ïƒ ?
- Lactose
- 6. List 5 examples of homopolysaccharides
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a. Amylose
b. Amylopectin
c. Glycogen
d. Cellulose
e. Inulin
- 7. List examples of polysaccharides. What is the meaning of polysaccharides?
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a. Many bonds
b. Starch, glycogen, & cellulose
- 8. What is the structural difference between starch and cellulose?
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a. Alpha linkage in starch
b. Beta linkage in cellulose
- 9. Indicate CHO and non CHO chemical found in plant fiber?
- a. Lignin, silica cellulose
- 10. Indicate metabolic problems caused by CHO deficiency in animals
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a. Ketosis
b. Fatty liver
c. Diabetes
- 11. List examples of true fat, compound lipids and derived lipids
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a. True fat
i. Waxes
b. Compound lipids
i. Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Lipoproteins
c. Derived lipids
i. Sterols
- 14. Name the most abundant sterol found in animal’s body
- Cholesterol
- 15. Show a glycosidic bond, an ester bond, and peptide bond. Where they are mostly found?
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a. A 1-4 linkage
b. \/o\/
c. COOHNH2
- Iodine number
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i. Degree of unsaturation of fat or fatty acid
ii. The amount of iodine in grams that can be taken up by 100g of fat
- b. Saponification Number:
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i. Measures the average chain lenth of the 3 fatty acids in a fat
ii. Number of mg of alkali required for the saponification (hydrolysis) of 1g of fat
- c. Reichert-Meissl Number:
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i. Measures the amount of water soluble, steam-volatile fatty acids (short-chain) present in fat,
ii. The number of ml of 0.1 KOH solution required to neutralize these VFAs obtained by the hydrolysis of 5g of fat
- 17. A saturated fatty acid is defined as? Also define an unsaturated fatty acid
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filled completely with hydrogens
b. Unsaturated fatty acid has double bonds, carbons are not completely saturated with hydrogen’s
- 18. Saturated fatty acid is more susceptible to oxidation than an unsaturated fatty acid. True or false?
- False
- 19. Name the alcohol found in TG and in waxes
- Glycerol
- 20. List the essential fatty acids
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a. Linolenic
b. Linoleic
c. Arachidonic
- 21. Name these fatty acids: C18:0; C18:1; C18:2: C18:3
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a. Stearic acid
b. Oleic acid
c. Linoleic acid
d. Linolenic acid
- 22. Indicate deficiency symptoms of dietary fat
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a. Skin lesions
b. Growth failure
c. Poor feather development
d. Diarrhea
- 23. Indicate the minimum and maximum chain length for:
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a. Short chain fatty acids
i. 2-12
b. Medium chain fatty acids
i. 14-16:1
c. Long chain fatty acids
i. 18-24:1