Dance Physiology Unit 1 Review
Terms
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- Function of the Skeleton
- To provide architectural support to the body and give it POTENTIAL for movement.
- the meeting or articulation of two bones allowing for the possibility of movement
- Joint
- How does the skeletal system factor into range of motion (ROM)
-
Each joint is limited by the following restrictions:
Bony
Ligamentous (ligaments connect bone to bone)
Muscular - Joint stability and mobility are _______ related
- inversely
- Planes of action
-
sagital plane: flexion/extension
Frontal plane: adduction/abduction
Transverse plane: inward/outward rotation - Anterior
- front
- posterior
- back
- Medial
- toward the midline of the body
- lateral
- toward the outside of the body
- proximal
- close to the center of the body
- Distal
- away from the center of the body
- the ____ and _____ structure of a joint determines what kind of movement is possible
- shape and structure
- Bones of the Foot
-
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals - Joints of the Foot
-
Toes = articulation of phalanges and metatarsals
Tarsus = articulation of all seven tarsal bones - Actions of the foot (toes and tarsus)
-
Toes = flexion (gripping)
Tarsus = pronation and supination - Bones of the lower leg:
-
Tibia
Fibula - Joint of the lower leg:
- ankle joint = articulation of the tibia, fibula and talus
- Action of the Ankle joint
-
flexion/extension
pointing the foot is called plantar flexion
flexing is called dorsiflexion - Bones of the upper leg
- Femur
- Joint of the Upper Leg
- Knee Joint - articulation of the femur and tibia
- Action at the knee joint would be very very free without the existence of 6 ligaments
-
2 collateral
2 cruciates
2 popliteal - Bones of the Pelvis
-
right and left Os Coxa which include:
ilium
ischium
pubis - joint of the pelvis
- hip joint articulation of the head of the femur in the acetabulum or "hip socket"
- Actions of the Hip Joint
-
flexion/extension on the sagital plane
abduction and adduction on the frontal plane
inward/outward rotation on the transversal plane - Bones of the Torso
-
Coccyx = 4 fused vertebrae
Sacrum = 5 fused vertebrae
Lumbar spine = 5 vertebrae
Thoracic Spine = 12 vertebrae
Cervical Spine = 7 vertebrae - Torso Joint
- Articulation of individual vertebrae
- Actions of the torso:
-
flexion/extension/hyperextension
right and left lateral flexion
right and left rotation -
Some actions of the spine are restricted in certain regions:
at lumbar spine: ________
at thoracic spine: ________
at cervical spine: _________ -
minimal rotation
no hyperextension
no restrictions - Bones of the Shoulder Girdle:
-
Scapula
Clavicle - Joint of the Shoulder Girdle:
- articulation of the clavicle & scapula
- Actions of the Shoulder Girdle
-
elevation/depression
upward/downward rotation
adduction/abduction
forward tilt/return from forward tilt - Bone of the Upper Arm
- Humerus
- Joint of the Upper Arm
- Shoulder Joint = articulation of head of humerus and glenoid fossa of the scapula
- Actions of the upper arm:
-
adduction/abduction
extension, flexion, hyperextension
inward/outward rotation - Bones of the Forearm
- Radius and Ulna
- Joints of the Forearm
-
Elbow = articulation of the humerus with the radius and ulna
radial/ulnar joint = articulation of the radius and ulna - Action of the 1) Elbow joint and 2)Radial/Ulnar joint
-
1) flexion/extension
2) pronation/supination - Bones of the Hand:
-
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals - Joint of the Hand
- Wrist Joint = articulation of the 1st row of carpals with the radius and ulna
- actions of the wrist joint
-
flexion/extension
radial deviation (towards thumb)
Ulnar deviation (towards pinky)