Vet Sx

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What are the two sources for microorganisms to contaminate a wound?: - exogenous
- endogenous
What is sterilization?: - the destruction of all microorganisms on an item
What is disinfection?: - the destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects
What is antisepsis?: - destruction of most pathogenic microrganisms on animate objects
What are the methods of sterilization: - steam
-chemical
- plasma
- ionizing radiation
What are the clean areas located in the surgical ward?: - OR
- scrub sink
- sterile supply room
What are the mixed contaminated areas of a surgical suit?: - hallway
- nurses station
- instrument and supply processing areas
- storage areas
- utility rooms
What are the contaminated areas of a surgical suit?: - anaesthesia
- surgical prep room
- dressing room
- lounges
- offices
What does cleaning a wound refer to?: - removal of soil
What does disinfecting a wound refer to?: - treatment of surfaces, materials, and equipment with chemicals to reduce bacterial numbers
What does BUN on blood work refer to?: - blood urea nitrogen
What does high BUN mean?: - prerenal disease
- post renal disease
- primary renal disease
What does a low BUN refer to?: - hepatic insufficiency
- severe pu pd
What is ALT in blood work?: - alanine aminotransferase
What does a high ALT mean?: hepatic disease
- is not really diagnostic for a particular disease
- severe muscle disease can cause only minor increases in ALT
What does low albumin mean?: - hepatic disease
- loss from kidney or GIT
- lack of nutrition
What is SAP?: serum alkaline phosphatase
What does high SAP mean?: - hepatic diseases
- steroid therapy
- extrahepatic biliary obstruction
- some neoplasms
What does high bilirubin mean?: - hepatocellular disease
- extrahepatic obstruction
- intrahepatic cholestasis
- hemolitic anemia
- severe sepsis
What does high calcium mean?: - paraneoplastic syndrome
- primary hyperparathyroidism
- rodenticides
- hypervitaminosis D
- hypoadrenocorticism
- granulomatous dieases
- chronic renal failure
What does low calcium mean?: - renal disease
- eclampsia
- hypovitaminosis D
- hypoparathyroidism
What does high phosphorus mean?: - renal failure
What does low phosphorus mean?: - refeeding syndrome,
- excessive insulin
What does high creatinine mean?: - renal disease
- uroabdomen
- muscle trauma (minor elevations)
What does high glucose mean?: diabetes mellitus
What does low glucose mean?: - hepatic diease
- insulinoma
- hypoadrenocorticism
- extrahepatic neoplasms
-septicemia
- starvation
What does high sodium mean?: - vomiting
- diarrhea
- renal failure
- diabetes insipidus
- inappropriate fluid therapy
- adispsia
What does high potassium mean?: - hypoadrenocorticism
- severe renal failure
- uroabdomen
- some drugs
What does high total CO2 mean?: - metabolic alkalosis
- vomiting gastric contents
- excessive diuretic admin
- sodium bicarbonate admin
- inapprorate fluid therapy
- respiratory acidosis (rare)
what does low total CO2 mean?: - metabolic acidosis
What does high eosinophils mean?: parasitism, mast cell tumor
- hypersensitivities
What does high basophils mean?: - parasitism
- mast cell tumors
What does high lymphocytes mean?: - lymphosarcoma,
- feline leukemia
- some dogs with ehrlichiosis
What does low lymphocytes mean?: severe stress
- lymphangiectasia
- chylothorax
- viral disease
What does high RBC mean?: - dehydration
- polycythemia
- hypoxia
What is the criteria for an excellent prognosis?: - potential for complications is minimal
- high prop that the patient returns to normal
What are the criteria for a good prognosis?: - some potential for complications
- high prob for good outcome
What are the criteria for a fair prognosis?: - serious complications are possible but uncommon
- recovery may be prolonged
- animal may not return to presurgical function
What is the criteria for a poor prognosis?: - underlying disease with severe complication
- recover is prolonged
- likelihood of death during or after procedure is high
- animal is unlikely to return to presurgical function
What is the criteria for a guarded prognosis?: - outcome is unknown or uncertain
What are the clinical signs of hypoxia?: -dyspnea
-cynosis
-tachycardia
- tachypnea
- postural changes
- anxiety
- depression of the central nervous system
What is the normal blood volume of a dog?: 90ml/kg
What is the normal blood volume of a cat?: 70ml/kg
What are some indications that a hypertonic saline solution should be used?: - reducing total fluid requirments
- limiting edema
- increasing cardiac output
What are crystallooid solutions?: - solutions contain electrolyte and non electrolyte solutes capable of entering all body fluid comparments
What is hypertonic saline good for?: - 7%
- restoration of intravascular volume in patients with severe hypovolemic shock or head trauma
What are colloid solutions?: - large molecular weigh substances that are restricted to the plasma compartment because of their size
What are colloid solutions good for?: - shock
- severely hypoalbuminemic
- for rapid volume expansion with low volume administration as compared with crystalloids
What does whole blood contain?: - rbc
- clotting factors
- proteins
-platelets
What is packed red cells?: - this rbc with a small amount of plasma
- there are no clotting factors or platelets
What is cryoprecipitate?: - a concentrated source of von willebrand's factor, factor XIII and VIII, with fibrinogen
How many blood types are there in dogs?: - 6
Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA)
- DEA 1.1
- DEA 1.2
- DEA 3
- DEA 4
- DEA 5
- DEA 7
How many blood types are found in cats?: 3
-A
-B
-AB
What is the most common blood type found in cats in the US?: A
How much blood will a blood soaked syringe contain?: - 5 to 10 ml of blood
How much blood will a laparotomy sponge contain?: - up to 50 ml of blood
What are the resident canine flora?: - staphylococcus epidermidis
- corynebacterium
- pityrosporum
- s. aureus
- staphylococcus intermedius
- e. coli
- streptococcus
- enterobacter
- clostridium spp
What is antiseptic?: a product with antimicrobial acitivity that formerly may have been referred to as an antimicrobial agent
What is an antiseptic agent?: an agent capable of producing antisepsis
What are some common scrubbing solutions?: - iodophors
- chlorhexidine
- alchols
- hexachloropene
- quaternary ammonium salts
What are the requirments for antimicrobial soaps or detergents used for scrubbing?: - rapid acting
- broad spectrum
- nonirritating
- inhibit rapid rebound of microbial growth
What are curved scissors used for?: - greater maneuverability and visibility
What are straight scissor used for?: - used for providing the reatest mechanical advantage when cutting tough or thick tissue
What are metzenbaum scissors used for?: - delicate tissue and blunt dissection
What are Mayo scissor used for?: cutting heavy tissue and fascia
What are suture scissors used for?: - cutting sutures
What is the difference between a hemotstat and needle holders?: needle holders have a diamond surface
What is the difference between mayo hegar needle holder and olsen hegar needle holders?: olsen hegar needle holders have scissor blades
What are tissue forceps used for?: - stabilizing tissue and expose tissue layers during suturing
What is a clean surgical wound classification?: - non taumatic, elective would closed by primary intention healing
- no inflammation
- no break in aseptic technique
- resp, uro, and alimentary tracts not entered
What is a clean contaminated surgical wound?: - non traumatic, elective would closed by primary intention healing
- alimentary, uro or resp tracts are opened with control to preven contamination
- minor break in asepsis
- otherwise clean surgery in which a drain is placed
What is a contaminated surgical would classification?: - fresh traumatic wound
- major break in asepsis
- spillage from GIT
- infected urogenital or biliary tract entered
What is a dirty surgical would classification contain?: - perforated viscus or fecal contamination
- traumatic wound with devitalised tissue
- purulent dischagre
- wounds with a foreign body
What are Halsted's principles of surgery?: 1. aseptic techniques
2. sharp anatomic dissection
3. gentle tissue handling
4. careful hemostasis
5. avoid tension
6. obliteration of dead space
What are the importance of halsted's principles?: - reuce dehiscence
-rapid wound healing
- prevention infection
What does the suffix rrhage mean?: bursting forth
Waht does the suffix rrhoea mean?: flow
What does the suffix sclerosis mean?: harding
Waht does the suffix stenosis mean?: narrowing
What does the suffix algia mean?: pain
What does the suffix dynia mean?: pain
What does the suffix coele mean?: hernia
What does the suffix plegia mean: paralysis
What does the suffix ectasia mean?: dilation
What does the suffix ptosis mean?: displacement
What does the suffix ptysis mean?: spitting
What does the suffix malacia mean?: softening
What does the suffix centesis mean?: punctre to remove
What does the suffix desis mean: fusion
What does the suffix ectomy mean: excision
What does the suffix stasis mean?: stopping or contolling
What does the suffix stomy mean?: new opening
What does the suffix otomy mean?: process of cutting into
What does the suffix plasty mean?: reshaping or reconstructing
What does the suffix pexy mean?: fixation in one place
What does the suffix rrhaphy mean?: join by suture
What does the suffix plication mean?: plaiting or folding of a structure onto itself

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Deck Info

Number of cards 97

Created By jracz