Comm Theory Test 2
Terms
undefined, object
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- What do two axioms make?
- A theorem
- What is an axiom?
- A statement true in and of itself and doesn't need an explanation
- What is the first axiom?
- Verbal Communication: as the amount of verbal communication between strangers increases, the level of uncertainty will decrease
- What is the second axiom?
- Nonverbal Warmth: as nonverbal affiliative expressiveness increases, uncertainty levels will decrease during a first interaction scenario
- What is the third axiom?
- Information seeking: high levels of uncertainty cause increases in information-seeking behavior
- What is the fourth axiom?
- Self-Disclosure: high levels of uncertainty in a relationship cause a decrease in the intimacy level of communication content
- What is the fifth axiom?
- Reciprocity: high levels of uncertainty produce high rates of reciprocity
- What is content?
- What is said verbally; the report part of a message; the words spoken
- what is relationship?
- how the message is said nonverbally; the command part of the message
- Content + Relationship = what?
- Communication
- High amounts of uncertainty = what?
- less disclosure
- The better we know someone, the lesser need for what?
- Disclosure and need for equalness of disclosure
- What came from the cybernetics tradition?
- interactional view
- When we speak with someone, what is it called when we are labeling cause and effect in communication?
- punctuation
- What is setting ground rules for a relationship?
- boundary coordination
- What happens when someone oversteps their boundaries?
- Boundary turbulence
- What is it called when a family system falls into a stable routine where they do not want to change?
- homeostasis
- In order for a family to change, they must what?
- reframe
- What is the minimax theory?
- people seek to maximize their benefits and minimize their costs
- What is the term that says multiple causes lead to an outcome?
- equifinality (you would reach a conclusion based on many factors)
- 1st axiom?
- You can't not communicate; not responding is still conveying a message
- 2nd axiom?
- Communication is the content of the message and the relationship
- 3rd axiom?
- the nature of the relationship depends on how both parties punctuate the communication sequence
- 4th axiom?
- All communication is either complementary or symmetrical
- What is an example of complementary communication?
- someone gets more aggressive and intense, while the other person withdraws as result
- What is an example of symmetrical communication?
- two people are equally yelling at each other
- What is digital communication?
- Words involved in the communication sequence
- What is analogic communication?
- the meaning in the actions performed
- What is one-down communication?
- when a person steps back and submisses power of the situation
- What is one-up communication?
- one takes a dominating role in communicating; getting control of the exchange
- What is one-across communication?
- neutralizing control within the exchange
- What is deviance?
- when someone has unusual behavior
- Deviance encourages what?
- uncertainty reduction
- What three things causes us to desire a reduction in uncertainty?
- if we know we'll see them again, if they have what we want, or if they are weird
- If you go to a vending machine and automatically know what you want, what is that called?
- using the peripheral route (quick decisions)
- What is counterpart to the peripheral route?
- the central route (actually putting effort to think about and allow message elaboration)
- When we are trying to persuade do we always want message elaboration?
- No, sometimes you want the audience to make a quick decision and not mull over what you're saying so they agree with you
- What are peripheral cues?
- Things that contribute to speaker credibility
- Decisions using what route tend to be permanent?
- the central route
- What is a dialectic?
- has to do with us seeking to have a balance
- What is called when your relationship with someone changes in different situations? (aka at home your brother is family, but at work he is your boss)
- segmentation
- What is it called when you elaborte a message to reflect your desires?
- biased elaboration
- What is the counterpart to biased elaboration?
- Objective elaboration
- What is objective elaboration?
- An honest desire to find an accurate outcome causes the researcher to try as much as possible to avoid bias in his/her research⬦ even if s/he might not like the results.
- What is the social penetration theory?
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The development of closeness in friendships and interpersonal relationships.
- What does the depth of penetration equal?
- the degree of intimacy
- What is the first level of penetration in the SPT?
- Peripheral (on the surface)
- What is the second level of the SPT?
- Biographical data (just under the surface)
- What is the third level of the SPT?
- Semi-private (deep within)
- What is fourth and deepest level of penetration in the SPT?
- inner core (the very center core)
- What are comparison levels?
- deals with satisfaction (how happy or sad do they make us feel?)
- What is comparison level of alternatives?
- deals with relationship stability (is this the best I can do?)
- What is a dialectical model?
- human social relationships are characterized by openness or contact and closedness or separateness between participants
- Privacy Rules are PERSONAL rules that are influenced and shaped by what?
- culture, gender, motive, context, risk-benefit ratio
- What is an internal dialectic?
- within the relationship (the couple)
- What is an external dialectic?
- between the couple and the community
- What contriubutes to the integration-separation contradiction?
- the dialectics of connection-autonomy, inclusion-seclusion, and intimacy-independence
- What contributes to the stability and change contradiction?
- certainty-uncertainty, conventionality-uniqueness, predictability-surprise, and routine-novelty
- What contributes to the expression-nonexpression contradiction?
- openness-closedness, revelation-concealment, candor-secrecy, and transparency-privacy
- What is Consequentialist ethics?
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Judging actions solely on the basis of their beneficial or harmful outcomes
- What is the principle of veracity?
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Truthful statements are preferable to lies in the absence of special circumstances that overcome their negative weight
- What are family systems?
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A self-regulating, interdependent network of feedback loops guided by members’ rules; the behavior of each person affects and is affected by the behavior of another.
- What are games?
- sequences of behavior governed by rules
- What is message elaboration?
- thought about issue-relevant arguments
- What is the need for cognition?
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The desire for cognitive clarity; an enjoyment of thinking through ideas even when they aren’t personally relevant.
- What are strong arguments?
- Claims that generate favorable thoughts when they are examined
- What does the uncertainty reduction theory do?
- focuses on how human communication is used to gain knowledge and create understanding
- What is the attribution theory?
- We observe people’s behavior and draw inferences about their character
- What is uncertainty reduction?
- The more we know about a person, the better we will be at predicting future interactions
- What is a theorem?
- A proposition that logically and necessarily follows from two axioms
- When seeking information, what is the passive strategy?
- observing the person
- When seeking information, what is the active strategy?
- ask someone about the person
- When seeking information, what is the interactive strategy?
- interacting with the person
- What is hedging?
- a way out if things go wrong
- What is hierarchy hypothesis?
- changing the details when things go wrong