Pancreas and Surrounding Organs
Terms
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- The pancreas is a _____gland
- retroperitoneal
- The pancreas is found behind the _____omental sac
- lesser
- THe head of the pancreas is ____to the IVC
- posterior
- The head of the pancreas is ___to the caudate lobe
- superior
- THe uncinate process is ____to the superior mesenteric vesses
- posterior
- THe GDA is the _____border of the head
- anterolateral
- THe head of the pancreas lies in the -_____
- lap of the GB, common bile duct
- THe head of the pancreas is inferior to the
- caudate lobe of the liver
- THe ____passes through the a groove posterior to the pancreatic head
- cbd
- The ____is the anterolateral border of the pancreas
- GDA
- THe tail of the pancreas is found
- anterior to the left kidney near the splenic hilum
- The primary pancreatic duct is
- duct of Wirsung
- The duct recieves tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the common bile duct at the
- Ampulla of Vater
- What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
- SMV
- The head of the pancreas, the duodenum, and parts of the stomach are supplied by the
- GDA
- The duct of Santorini is a/an
- accessory duct to the pancreas
- THe normal dimension of the pancreatic head usually is less than
- 2 cm
- The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than
- 3 mm
- The enzyme that is the most sensitive over time in laboratory tests for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
- lipase
- What is the microscopic collection of cells numbering 1 to 2 million embedded within tissue throughout the gland?
- islets of langerhans
- The splenic vein is considered to be the
- medial posterior border of the pancreas
- If the celiac axis is well visualized the sonographer should move the transducer in which direction to image the pancreas?
- inferior
- The splenic artery is considered to be the
- superior border of the pancreas
- The main pancreatic duct joins the _____before entering the second part of the duodenum
- common bile duct
- Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following except
- severe abdominal pain radiating to right shoulder
- A common cause of acute pancreatitis is
- alcohol intake
- The pancreas is reflective in its sonographic appearance because of the multiple
- fat between the lobules
- What vessel runs posterior to the lower neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process
- SMV
- The persistance of the dorsal and ventral pancreas with the head encircling the duodenum is called:
- annular pancreas
- A condition that causes increased secretion of abnormal mucus by the exocrine glands is
- cystic fibrosis
- Gallstones are present in 40 to 60 percent of patients with
- acute pancreatitis
- A common course of enzyme destruction via the pancreas is accumulation in the
- lesser sac
- On ultrasound, acute pancreatitis may appear
- hypoechoic
- An elderly man with a history of alcholism recently was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. He now presents with decreased hematocrit and hypotension. Your differential includes:
- pancreatic hemmorage
- The spreading process of diffuse inflammatory edema of soft tissues that may proceed to necrosis and suppuration is :
- phylegmon
- The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children is
- trauma
- A patient who present with jaundice, weight loss, and a palpable right upper quadrant mass should be elevated for
- adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
- most of the digestion and absorption of food takes place in the
- duodenum
- The structure often seen on a sagittal ultrasound to the left of the midline as a bulls eye or target pattern anterior to the aorta and posterior the left lobe of the liver is the
- gastroesophagel junction
- What are characteristic signs of lymphoma of the stomach
-
relatively large and hypoechoic appearance
marked thickening of the gastric walls
spoke wheel pattern - Small bowel obstruction is associated with
- dilation of bowel loops proximal to the site of obstrction
- Acute appendicitis may be seen on ultrasound examination as a
- target lesion
- The ___is found anterior to the pancreatic body and is sometimes confused the pancreatic duct
- pyloric antrum
- The keyboard sign is found in the
- duodenum
- THe appendix is located on the abdominal wal under
- McBurneys point
- The maximum outer diamter of the normal appendix can measure up to
- 6mm
- The head of the pancreas is located to the right of the ___; cradled in the C loop of the duodenum
- SMV
- THe pancreas is ____to the IVC
- anterior
- The pancreas ____with age
- decreases
- The uncinate process is ____and ___to the head and directly ____to the SMV
- posterior and medial ; posterior
- The neck is ____to SMV and the portal splenic confluence
- anterior
- THe tail of the pancreas travels with the ____ and lies between the ___and ____
- splenic v. ; stomach and lt. kidney
- The body is ____to aorta; ____to SMA and splenic v.
- anterior and anterior
- The largest portion of the pancreas is the ____
- body
- THe average length is ___cm
- 12-18 cm
- THe avg. thickness of the pancreas is ____
- 2.5 cm
- THe avg. width of the pancreas is ___to ____cm
- 3 to 5
- THe Duct of Wirsung is ___mm and courses the length of the pancreas
- 2mm
- joins CBD and enters ampulla of vater which is surrounded by the spincter of oddi
- main pancreatic duct
- accessory duct(normal variant) enters duodenum 2 cm superior. to main duct
- duct of santorini
- ventral renders the ____ ____
- uncinate process
- ___-renders the rest of the pancreas
- dorsal
- The pancreas is generally ____to the liver
- hyperechoic
- ___% of the pancreas is endocrine.
- 2
- The function of the endocrine pancreas is ___and ___
- hormones ; islets of langerhans; regulates blood glucose
- Islets of langerhans
- alpha, beta, delta
- alpha-______
- glucagon- produce glucagon
- beta-____
- insulin
- delta-_____
- somatostatin
- glucagon
- increase blood sugar for fuel
- insulin ____blood sugar
- decreases
- the exocrine portion of the pancreas is ____%
- 98
- THe function of the exocrine pancreas is ____ and ____
- digestive and acini cells which produce enzymes
- exocrines acini cells produce enzymes. What are they?
- amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, sodium bicarbonate, nucleases
- amylase-___
- carbohydrates
- lipase-____
- fats
- trypsin-___
- proteins
- carboxypeptidase-____
- triggered by chyme
- sodium bicarbonate-____
- neutralizes hydrocholric acid produced in stomach; largest component of pancreatic juice
- nucleases-____
- digest nucleic acids
- wraps around C-loop of duodenum
- annular pancreas
- common, pancreatic tissue located away from original pancreas, not connected
- ectopic
- duplicate
- very rare; enlarged tail
- hereditary; associated with cystic fibrosis; eventually causes atrophy
- fibrocystic
- what are the shapes of the pancreas:
- sausage; dumbell; boomerang; tad pole
- the head of the pancreas is ____to IVC
- anterior