cardiology Procedures and Treatments
Terms
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- Angioplasty
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The surgical repair of a blood vessel.
- Cardiopulmonary Bypass machine
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Procedure that diverts blood from the heart and lungsto a machine, where it is deoxygenated and then re-enters the circulatory system. This machine is used while surgery is performed on the heart.
- Cardioversion (defibrillation)
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Electric cardio version is a procedure in which an electric current is used to reset the heart’s rhythm. This procedure is used to treat atrial fibrillation that has not responded to medications, and as an emergency treatment for tachycardia that is causing low blood pressure, heart failure, and chest pain.
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Carotid Endarterectomy
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Surgical procedure to remove fatty plaque from the neck and arteries.
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Commissurotomy
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When a patient has a steno tic valve, cusps may thicken and adhere to one another. A cardiovascular surgeon cuts or shaves the points where the cusps meet (commissures) to relieve this problem.
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
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surgical treatment of Coronary Atery Disease (CAD), an occlusion( obtruction) of the coronary arteries resulting from atherosclerosis. The surgery involves bypassing blockages in coronary arteries with a blood vessel taken from another part of the patient’s body.
- Embolectomy
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The surgical removal of an emblus from a blood vessel.
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Extracorporeal circulation
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A procedure in which blood is circulated outside of the body, such as with a kidney dialysis machine or a cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
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Heart Transplant
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A heart that has become sufficiently damaged and can no longer be maintained through medical or surgical procedures, may require transplatation.
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Femoral-popilteal Bypass
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Surgical procedure that may be used to treat femoral arterydiease. Bypass of the blocked atery os performed by surgically attaching another vessel to the artery. One end of the vein grafg is attached above the blockage and the other end is attached below the blockage, rerouting blood flow around the blockage throug ht the new graft to reach the muscle.
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Internal/Imlantable Cardioverter- Defibrillator (ICD)
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ICD is a surgical implanted device designed to administer an electrical shock as a means of controlling tachyarrhythmias and restore a normal heartbeat.
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Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)
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A device implanted in the aortic designed to improve oxygen supply to the myocardium and to increase cardiac output fron the left ventricle. It is a balloon device that is inserted into the aorta. It deflates during diastole thereby increasing blood flow to the coronary arteries.
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Left Ventricular Assist Device
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Heart assist device are often used to keep patients needing a heart transplant alive while they await a compatable heart from a donor. Assisr device take over the majority of the hearts pumping function, allowing the heart to rest, heal, and grow stronger.
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Left ventricular Reduction
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This procedure involves removing a slice of muscle from the enlarged heart and sewing that heart back together. By reducing its size, the heart can pump more efficiently.
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Minimally Invasive Direct Coronoary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB)
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Surgical bypass procedure that is performed through a small incision on the patients chest to gain access to the coronary arteries . This procedure may be done when the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and left coronary artery (RCA) are involved.
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Pacemaker
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An electronic device is implanted to assist the hearts natural pacemaker in regulating heart rate and generating impulses. Temporary pacemakers may be used after heart surgery to help regulating heart rates.
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Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
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In this procedure, a catherter is inserted into a narrow atery and a small balloon at the tip is briefly inflated to open the narrow vessel. This is often accompanied by stent placement in which a metallic implant is used to widen and support the wall of the artery sfter it is opened with the balloon.
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TransMyocardial Laser Revasculariztion (TMLR)
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Use of a laser to ctreate blood perfusion channels in the heart muscle to supplement the function of the coronary ateries. The heart then feeds itself by taking blood from within its chambers.
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Valve Replacement
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Surgical procedure in which a defective valve is removed and replaced with a prosthetic valve is made of either synthetic materials ( mechanical valve) or biological tissue (bioprosthesis).
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Valvuloplasty
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A procedure performed to treat valve regurgitation that reinforces the cusps and provides more support, permitting proper closure of a valve.
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Vein Ligatation and Striping
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Vein ligatation is a surgical procedure that involves tying off of a varicose vein. Stripping refers to the removal of the vein through an incision after ligation. This may also be referred to as phlebotomy.