viro - last exam
Terms
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- DNA viruses - enveloped
-
pox
herpes
hepadna - DNA viruses - naked capsid
-
Polyoma
Papilloma
Adeno
Parvo (SS) - RNA viruses: + RNA
-
No envelope:
Picorna
Calici
Envelope:
Toga
Flavi
Corona - RNA viruses: - RNA
-
Enveloped:
Rhabdo
Filo
Orthomyxo
Paramyxo
Bunya
Arena - RNA viruses: +/- RNA
-
Double Capside:
Reo - RNA viruses: + RNA via DNA intermediate
-
Envelope:
Retro - Viral Life Cycle in 8 steps
-
AP UT GG VR
Attachment
Penetration
Uncoating
Targeting - to nucleus (except Pox.. too large, remain in cytoplasm)
Gene expression & replication for DNA (parvo have SS that convert to DS before tsc..and herpes have extra steps)
Replication for RNA
- in cyto (except orthomyxo & retro)
Viral assembly
Release - Non-permissive cells
-
cells in which a virus CANNOT repilcate and produce progeny
(opposite of permissive)
**Abortive defect - virus infects non-permissive cell & you get initial infection phase but cell does NOT produce any new virus --> seen w/ attenuated viruses! - Tests for the presence of anti-viral antibodies
- HI, ELISA, RIA
- Tests for the presence of viral protein particles
- ELISA, RIA, western blot
-
Common congenital infections
(TORCHES) -
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
CMV
HSV, HIV
Syphillis - 5 class childhood exanthems
-
measles
scarlet fever
rubella
erythema infectiosum
roseola infantum - Eye infections
- Adenovirus
- GU infections
- Adenovirus
- GI infections
-
Adenovirus
Norovirus
Rotavirus - Respiratory infections
-
Influenza (orthomyxo)
Parainfluenza
RSV
- coronavirus
- rhinovirus
- adenovirus - Antigenic drift
-
mutation of genomes due to errors during replication
- mainly due to RNA polymerase errors
HA and NA are most important.. can occur in influenza A,B, or C but A is most common - Antigenic shift
-
reassortment of genome segments resulting in a dramatic change in antigenicity
(not gradual like drift)
- different viruses from different sources can infect animal at the same time and within the same cell -
Orthomyxoviridae
- infleunza -
Croup!
- replicates in the nucleus!!
- antigenic drift/shift
M2: uncoating (amantadine)
NA: release (zanamivir) -
Paramyxoviridae
- Parainfluenza
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Mumps
- Measles -
- croup
- croup
- partotis!! (mumps)
- Koplik's spots/maculopapular rash.. highly contagious 7 days prior and 4 days after onset (measles) -
Coronaviridae
- Human corona virus
- Sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) -
- E2 protien petals on envelope, mediates attachment
- Fever greater than 100.4 - Adenoviridae
-
- pink eye
- pharyngoconnunctival fever
- Coxsacki adenovirus receptor (CAR)
- vaccine developed for military -
Calcivirdae
- Norovirus - low infectious dose (
-
Reoviridae
- Rotavirus -
A: infant
B: adults
- double layered capsule!
- Primarily childhood infections.. infects 95% of children by age 3 and responsible for 50% of hospitalizations for diarrhea -
Picornaviridae
- Enterovirus
... Polio
... Cox (A&B)
... Echovirus
- Rhinovirus
- Hepatovirus
... Hep A -
-
... flaccid paralysis, muscle spasms, incoordination
... A) "hand, foot & mouth disease"
... B) Bornholm disease (low chest pain); myocarditis (fever w/ sudden, unexplained heart failure)
- COMMON COLD!!
-
...acute onset flu-like symp
Elevated AST/ALT; 99% not chronic; IgM --> acute
IgG --> past infection!
*avoid shellfish!* -
Hepadnaviridae
- Hepatitis B -
*reverse transcriptase*
- carcinoma -
Flaviviridae
- hepatitis C
- West nile/St. Louis encephalitis/Dengue/Yellow fever -
- chronic heptatis.. inhibits apoptosis! contact through bodily fluids (blood).. remains in ER
- hemorrhagic fever!.. from mosquitos -
Delta virus
- Hepatitis D -
Treat HBV to treat HDV!!
- Lamivudine inhibits HBV reverse transcriptase
-
Enteric non-A non-B
- Hepatitis E -
only acute disease; NO chronic infections..
more severe than hep A? -
Togaviridae
- Rubella
- Eastern/Western/Venezuelan equine -
- hearing loss; ductus arteriosus; ophthalmic problems; neurlogic problems; hepatosplenomegaly
- Encephalitis/viremia/flu like.. insect borne -
Parvovirdae
- Parvovirus B19 -
- can only infect mitotically active cells because it depends on their cellular enzymes
(bone marrow cells, not liver)
- linear ssDNA but the sequence will fold over on itself
- "Slapped cheeks" rash.. can cross the placenta! -
Herpesviridae
- Alpha
...1/2/VZV
- Beta
..CMV/6&7
- Gamma
..EBV/HV8 -
-
.. 1) cold sores/transmitted ORALLY (latency in trigeminal ganglia)
.. 2) neonatal herpes/transmitted sexually (latency in sacral ganglia)
.. VZV) replicates in respiratory tract.. shingles/chicken pox (latency in DRG)
-
..microcephaly, fetal death
.. roseola infantum. high risk for seizure since high fever!
-
.. saliva transmission (latency in B cells) - Burkitt lymphoma (tumors of jaw and face); Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (tumors in URI)
.. also associated with Kaposi's sarcoma like AIDS pts