radio tv film 1310 exam 2 part 2

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as of 2009, there are --- --- users world wide: 1.7 billion
--- --- of adult americans use the internet: 74 %
analog cellular: 1g
voice only: 2 g
voice and data: 3g
long term evolution: 4g
high speed access: 3.5 g
long term evolution can also be known as: proprietary
--- to --- mbps have been reported: 7.2
21
a pioneering information service in great britain delivered information within the blanking of the signal (1973): ceefax
an early home information utility linked home computers to a central server: the isp source
isp: internet service providers
experiments in the us sponsored by newspapers and delivered by telephone in the late 1970s: videotex
france's minitel sent data services via the national telephone system (1980): videotext via telephone
the isp source was a --- -- --- and was acquired by: computer bulletin board

reader's digest
acquired by h&R block (now owned by aol): compuserve
differed from earlier services -provided monthly services for a flat fee -used graphical interface -contained advertising embedded in the screens: prodigy
-originally quantum computer company -provided new services -support for gamers -chat rooms and discussion forums helped distinguish itself: america online
in the 1980s, modems increased in: speed
in the 1980s telephone access costs: decreased
in the 1980s, newer computers like apple's macintosh introduced: ease of use
in the 1980s color displays replaced: monochrome displays
spurred growth of local, independent internet service providers: mosaic
sudden growth of --- --- challenged aol, prodigy and the source: independent isp's
newspapers and broadcasters began experimenting with --- --- of the world wide web: content growth
became the first browser for personal computers: mosaic
solidified web pages use ----: html
html: hypertext markup language
growth of the www was --- ---: virutally instantaneous
provided ways for users to navigate around the web: search engines
growth of internet users: 1993: 2006 in us: 2006 in world:: a little over 1 million users

-more than 150 million users
-1.1 billion users
isp's, routers, java, and domain names are words and phrases that reinforce the notion that the internet is different from: traditional broadcasting
early development of the --- was among scientists, computer hobbyists, and business people: internet
streaming media, and net broadcasting are examples of: media on the web
no one owns the internet...: cyberspace
comprised of internet users: internet society
can anyone join the internet: yes
develops guidelines and specifications for the web -mit lab for cs, european research consortium, and keio university: world wide web consortium
w3c: world wide web consorium
--- and --- are decided upon by voluntary consultative groups: standards
protocols
provices a key to retreive information on the web: url
url: uniform resource locator
--- --- help provide unique addresses: domain names
helper applications that extend the usefulness of web browswers: plu ins
audio and video streaming plug in: aple's quicktime
interactive application plug ins (2): macromedia's flash and shockwave
-sun's java
3 most popular services on the internet: email, browsers, messaging
internet explorere and firefox are apart of: world wide web
instant messender (aol) and yahhoo and microsoft messenger service are under: messaging services
most popular services on the internet: -email
-messaging services
-file sharing and swapping
defined as an entrace or doorway: portal
starting places for cyber journeys. -can provide a start page for browsing -provide link pages and information about other websites -may provide space for advertisers: internet portal
places where people can congregate: communities
places to trade ideas: discussion forums
communities of websites, free email: virtual communities
special interactive game sites: online games
created in february 2005 by three former paypal employees: broadcast yourself youtube?
in november 2006, who acquired broadcast yourself for 1.65 billion dollars: google
started with spacewar in 1962: electronic and interactive gaming
developed by harvard researcher stephen russell and ffriends. -industry today estimated at more than 22-28 billion dollars: electronic and interactive gaming
small compared to broadcasting and cable industries but it is growing: commerce and advertising revenue
revenue... 1997 2006 2009: 550 million
170 billion
132 billion
any companies went bankrupt -media companies are looking for a working business model; and a way to monetize: dot com bust in 2000
micro payments: voluntary payments/ donations
-per hour charges -monthly fees -per user: the pay wall
banner ads, sponsorships, interstitials: search engine/portal advertising
in june 1999, --- allowed users to search for and swap music on the web: napster
-- -- joined napster almost immediately: college students
---- sued napster for copyright infringement in december 1999: riaa
--- and other bands threatened to sue napster: metallica
in ---- court shut down napster: 2001
morpheus, limewire, bitorrent are examples of: peer to peer sharing
introduced in 2001: ipods
2003, apple introduced the: itunes music store
2004-05 iopd sales increased by: 600%
2006 apple has sold nearly --- --- units: 70 million
broadcasters use the web for: cross-promotion
privdes sreaming of newscast segments: abcnews.com
web stories match weekly tv show stories: 60 minutes
has webisodes: nbc.com
provide information about storylines and stars on websites: entertainment sites
radio and webcasting are: streaming media
online users appear to listen to commerical radio: less
internet users aged ----- spend less time with traditional media as internet usage increases: 12-34
--- of streaming media listeners are unde the age of --: 57%
35
internet users generally feel the web is cooler than: traditional media
many us stations pull lug on webcasting because of: copyright issues
roku...: internet radios
news related searches were 60 times greater than usual on: september 11, 2001
news pictures are posted --- on the web: immediately
millions of people check the web for --- and ---: news
information
like television, the web is used as a source of ------ information: up to date
1998 study- 80% of users felt online news sources were: trustworthy
television on the web and iptv are more feasible today due to (2): increases in computer capabilities and broadband connections
shows are downloaded via broadband connection -cable of both standard and high definition: iptv
iptv: internet protocol television
--- and --- are ways of linking viewers with advertisers while entertaining and informing an audience: broadcasting and cable
stations attract audiences because of their: programming
advertising revenues generate --- that make programming possible: profits
an economical way to link large numbers of people with advertisers: mass media technology
in electronic media, there is an interplay between: technology
the consumer
the economics of each medium
broadcast stations and cable have different: revenue streams
television and radio models have what kind of revenue stream: single revenue stream
the audience is the --- that media delivers to an advertiser: product
cable model has what time of revenue system: dual
like broadcasting, cable deliver an audience to an: advertiser
cable charges a --- --- -- for receiving the program: monthly subscription fee
electronic media all face: competition
government oversight is tied to how --- the media are: competitive
11,000 + commercial stations, fewer regulations: radio
1,300+ commercial stations- more regulations: television
local franchise, local mandates for serving the community: cable
few market barriers allow many players to enter: pure competition
there are a limited number of competitors: oligopoly
where there is no practical competition: monopoly
people use various forms of --- differently: media
competition for radio listeners- radio is: personal
other --- --- compete with radio: portable devices
competes with cable, movie rentals, online viewing, etc: tv
television programs compete with dramas, stories and: news talk
--- will buy different media to reach listeners/ viewers during different times of the day: advertisers
the triangular relationship in the media business is among: -programmers
-media sellers
-medea buyers
successful programs develop: audiences
--- --- buy time from sellers within or near the successful programs: media buyers
marketers and advertisers develop a buying plan based on (3 things): -population or market size
-effective buying income
-retail sales for the market (geographical area)
data related to expenditures of classifications of products for the specific market: buying power index
tells the advertiser the market share of the advertiser: bpi
bpi: buying power index
advertiser may obtain --- --- indicating how much the competition is spending on media: additional data
media buyers use various --- for determining the effectiveness of ad placement: formulas
evaluates a run of x number of commercials over a specific time period that has a consistent rating for the target audiences: gross ratings points
reflects total of all persons reached by each commercial in an ad campaign: gross impressions
buyers use data to calculate how much money to spend to: achieve their goals
media buyers buy specific audiences for their products based on several criteria...: demographics and psychographics
types of demographics (4): -age
-sex
-education
-income
values and lifestyles of the audience: psychographics
the cost of advertising on specific stations: rate cards
a specific number of spots to run on one or more stations: packages
advertisers can buy these (ex. primetime on television, drivetime for radio, etc): specific times
fixed position -adjacencies: spot position
next to a program or spot set: adjacencies
ads for goods or services: trade deal or trade out
media buyers use standard formulas to figure out the actual cost of a: commercial spot
in used to express the cost of reaching 1,000 members of the audience: cost per thousand (cpm)
you need to know the cost of the spot and the size of the audience to: calculate the cpm
cpm is a good way of expressing --- of the media buy: efficiency
cost per thousand: cpm
cost of advertising (formula): average audience delivered/ 1,000
viewers for superbow xxvii: 41.9 million households
30second ad rate during superbowl xxvii: 850,000 dollars
cpm for 30 second ad rates during superbowl xxvii: 850,000/ (41.9 million/1000)
buying the superbowl v er... er : 30 second ad rate:: 21.3 million households

400,000 dollars
comparison between superbowl and er: 7.86 dollars
cpm for er cpm for superbowl: 7.27

7.86
what is the better buy? the superbowl or er?: er
superbowls --- would have to be considered in the decisions: prestige
measuring advertising costs: cpp
takes analysis to the next level -allows the measurement of reaching a specific demo: cost per point
cpp: cost per point
radio and television sales are divided into several categories (4): -local spot sales
-network sales
-sydicated
-national spot sales
local commercials purchased to run on local stations: local spot sales
time purchased within a television network program or on a radio network: network sales
national advertisers/ local avails: sydicated
buying time at various local stations using a national sales representative: national spot sales
cost of ad is shared between manufacturer and local store: cooperative advertising
network television is purchased in several ways:: upfront market
scatter market
media purchases made before television season actually begins: upfront market
four seasons where advertisers purchase time (fall winter spring summer): scatter markets
purchasing time --- or in the --- --- each has its advantages: upfront
scatter markets
electronic verification (2): loggers
competition
economics for program content:: the long tail v. traditional media model
television programming:: dramas
comedies
reality
most expensive programming to produce: dramas
less expensive programming to produce: comedies
least expensive programming to produce: reality
some first run programming loses money until: syndication
--- --- is not sufficient to pay the cost of the television series, particularly dramas: advertising revenue

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