psych 331 final written
Terms
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copy deck
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serbin: Concordia (Montreal) longitudinal research project
study design -
children were categorized into aggressive withdrawn categories by their teachers
community based sample thierfor avoiding the baises inherent to a clincially refered sample -
serbin
children -
aggressive children of both sexes had lower IQ's and academic achievement than comparison controls.
both were more physically agressive during play
girls agression was associated with prferences for males who were also agressive -
serbin
youth -
1)elevated drug, smoking alcholol
2) continued to seek out behvoirally compatible peer groups
3) STD
4) pregnancy
5) depression and axneity -
serbin
married -
their children had higher health risks
the agressive girls had become agresive mothers exhibiting maternal childhood agression
children had more visists to the hospital. -
follingstad
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generated a model for predicting dating voilence
found that anxious attachment styles from early life experiences lead to a angry temperament
the model predicted abusiveness for both genders. - ehrensaft cohen and johnson
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they found the formation of the personality disorder clusters described by DMV mediated the inter generational transmission of family voilence
this occured in both genders; presence if a personality disorder is a better predictor of IPV than gender.
go on to describe abusive personality
having an early pre existing pattern of distrust, interpersonal avoidance, unusual or bizarre beliefs and constricted positive affect.
In other words NEM - ehrensaft et all
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ipv rates in a birth cohort of 980 individuals
women 68% and men 60%
both men and women evidenced the signs of a personality disorder.
finding counters the assumption that if clinical abuse was ascertained in epidemiological sampels it would be primarily man to woman, explain by patriachy rather than psychopathology. - ehrenshafts developmental personality disorder trajectories
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a failure of personality disroders to decline predicted intimate voilence in both sexes
women with a pattern of distrust, interperonal avoidance, constricted affect were more likely to assault intimate male partners
it was personality disturbance not gender that predicted violence. -
magdol
study organization -
followed a birth cohort 1037 subjects in dunedin new zealand
group studied every two years since inception for a veariety of health, development and behavioral measures. - dunedin study findings
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antisocial Beahavoir measured in females at age 15 predicted their use of intimate aggression against males intimates at age 21
womens conduct problems correlated with thier later use of voilence against thier partners also corrlated with the use of voilence towards her.
women had more IPV then men
rates similar to Us rates
perpetrators and victims represented the same demographic profile
unemployed
less schooling, more alcholol dependance
higher scores on cirminality and mental health scores
suggests assortative mating
- moffit
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analyzing data from the same peer cohort (dunedin) moffit found that antisocial traits measured in femailes at age of 15
made them more likely to become invovled a relationship with an abused man at age 21
also more likely to commit voilence against thier partners. - Dunedin pre exiting characteristics that in women at age 18 that predicted dating violence (moffit)
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approval of voilence
excessive jealousy and supicousness
poor self control and a tendency to experience rapid negative emtions. - negative Emotionality from Multi-dimensional personality questionaree.
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reactions to stress, i often get irritated at little annoyances
experience of emtion
expections of others - most people stay friend as long as it is to thier advantage
i often get irritated at little annoyances.
attitudes towards using agression - NEM is a composate of ... and predcited
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agression, aleination and extreme stress reactions
negative emtionality measured in women at age 15 predicted thier use of voilence towards an intimate other at age 21 regardless of weather that person fought back or not. - Capaldi et all
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women prior antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms predicted both
1) their own abusive behavior
2) their male partners abuse
notably the womens characteristics were predictive over and above the contribution fo thier male partners antisocial charactersitics
assortative mating plus indpendent risk factor for womens personality varaibles. - cycle of voilence walker
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tension building
moody, nitpicking isolates victim put downs , uses drugs or alchol increasinly building negative dysphoric feels that he projects on to the women
battering
pushing, shoving hitting, inscable tension has built
Calm stage
says sorry promises\ to get councelling AA sends flowers, tires to win her back , refer to personality dynamics of intimate abusiveness. - essential charactersitics of borderline personality
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a proclivity for intence interpersonal relationships, unstable, characterized by intermittened unermining of signifcant other and masked dependance
unstable sence of self, abanonment axneity with a intolerance for being alone
intence anger, impulsivity substance abuse promiscuity. -
gundersons three phase defence structure of BPO
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phase one: dysphoric stalemat where intimacy needs are unmet and the requisite motivation, insight and skills to assert those needs are non existant
phase two: the relationship is perceived as possibly lost. the defence structure expresses itself as anger and devaluation of the signficant other or open rage.
Phase three: occurs when relationships with signfigant other are lost BPO engages in behovoirs designed to ward off the subjective experince of aloneness substance abuse or promiscuity - Western and Shelders Definition of Borderline Swap m
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emotions tend to spiral out of control, leading to extremes in anxiety
tends to feel depressed
tends to feel inadequate
tends to feel rejected
unable to self sooth
tends to be angry or hostile
tends to react to christims with feelings of rage or humulation
tends to be overly needy dependant; requires excessive reassurance or approval
tends to feel misunderstood, mistreated, victimized. - Dutton, abusive Personality
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assessed borderline tendencies, attachment trauma symptoms, anger in male court madated treatment group
correlated thier personality variables with thier wives reports of abusiveness
using a BPO scale husbands personality scores correlated with 50% in emtional abuse and 35% domination. - BPO scale
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identity diffusion: i see myself in totally different ways at different times
reality testing: i hear things people claim are not really there
Primitive defences : people tend to respond to me by either overwhelming me or abandoning me
mens PBO scores and MAI anger scores were highly correated with their partners reprots of obth phsyical abuse and psyhological abuse. - bowbly principles of attachment theory
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first any alarm reaction activates the infants attachment behvoiral system
when this system is intensely active only physical contact with attacfhment figure will terminate to end it
finally when the attachment system is activated for a long time without reaching termination angy behvoir is regularly observed in infant
hence anger follows unmet attachment needs - secure attachment provides
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an infant who will successfully seek proximity to an attachment figure who will soothe/ lower his her phsiologicla arousal
the infant will develop a sense of safe haven where he she can go to have distresed soothed
will develop a interal model of a secure base an internal schema of the self with attachment figure
the internal model becomes essentail in later ability to self sooth during adult disress.