Music appreciation exam 1
Terms
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- harmony, melody, texture, form, rhythm
- music
- describes a roadmap in music; coming rom one point to the other using different instruments
- form
- anything with his voice has characteristic melody to it
- melody
- two or moer notes being played at the same time
- harmony
- kind of pre-dominant in blues form; base of all and any piece of music
- rhythm
-
-greatest guitarist of all time
-influential across different genres
-experimental with electrical effects;feedback - jimmy hendrix (1942-1970)
-
-italian renaissance composer
-developed polyphony in sacred music - giovanni palestrina (1525-1594)
-
-german born, british composer/pianist
-concert and film music
-recording artist
-genre:electronic music/ minimalism - mad richter (1966-...)
- "it don't mean a thing, if it aint got that swing" -
- duke ellingtong
- sound includes:
- pitch, interval, octave
- highness or lowness (frequency)
- pitch
- distance between pitches
- intervall
- widest interval
- octave
-
-linear dimension
-can move by skips or steps
-ascending/descending
-in phrases
-phrases end in a cadence
-longer works use themes - melody
-
-pitches within an octave
-c major is white key scale; c-c; all white keys on piano - major scale
- starting note of scale, chord, "home base"
- tonic
-
-vertical dimension
-chords - harmony
- creates consonance or dissonance
- harmony
- harsher sounding
- dissonance
- sounds acceptable to ears
- consonance
- pulse
- beat
- accent grouping, usually by 2 or 3
- meter
- speed of beat (allegro, moderato, grave)
- tempo
- note length/note value
- duration
- emphasis
- syncopation
- one singular voice/instrument
- monophony
- two more more voices (different)
- homophony
- between two voices same melodic, such as a round
- phyphony
- loudness and softness
- dynamics
-
-italian terms used
-piano=soft
-furte=loud
-mezzo=middle or medium
-crescendo=to get loud
-decrescendo=to get soft
--ismo=ending that means "very" - dynamics
- dynamic abbreviations:
- pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff
- organization in music
- form
-
-structure
-repetition and contrast
-examples:
strophic
binary
ternary
call/response
intro: main melody - form
- judy garland performed "i got rhythm in
- girl trouble
-
how music moves forward in time
-a series of durations of either pitches or other sounds that together make up a musical composition - rhythm
-
the basic pulse supporting and determining the rhythmic durations and patters souding at any one time within the music
- beat
- individual pulses are referred to as
- beats
- beats are organized into regular groups called
- meters
-
group of beats
- meter
- first beat within a meter is sounded with
- an accent
- special emphasis on a beat (sound)
- accent
- name of each meter group, determined by accents
- metarical group
- part of a meter within a given composition
- measures
- durations within a meter that are shorter than a full beat
- sbdivisions
-
where measure is divided in half
-always symmetrical
-both halves have same number of beats - simple meters
- subdivision of beats into units of three
- compound meters
- measures divided into beats (two)
- duple meter
- and example of a duple meter
- marches
- measures divided into three beats
- triple meter
- good examples of triple meters are
- waltzes and minuets
-
measures divided into four beats
-very similar to duple meter
-typically plays a softer accent on the thrid of its four beats - quadruple meter
- measures are made up of irregular number of beats
- additive meters
- a style of pupular music that was created in the 1960s by puerto rican immigrants living in the heart of new york city
- salsa
-
the rhythmic foundation of salsa music
-means "key"
-refers to a rhythmic feel, rather than one single rhythm patters - clave
- when strong rhythmic accents fall between the main beats
- syncopation
- represents a classification of music composition
- genre
-
originally a fold dance that emerged sometime during the end of the 1700s; played in viennese halls
-characterized by its medium tempo and triple meter - the blue danube by johann strauss jr.
- wrote marches; "liberty bell"
- john phillip sousa
- composed "eroica syphony"
- beethoven
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another genre characterized by its meter
-often have association resulting from their strongly emphasized duple meter - march
- the emphasis of mood/characteristics
- style
- the monetary worth of something
- exchange value
- the inherent worth of the thing itself, outside of any commercial quantification
- essential value
-
performed by numerous entities, including music critics, fans, and casual listeners
-also known as a "process" - evaluation
-
relates to likes and preferences
-what you personally value in music versus what seems to be valued by the authors of our textbook - value
-
refers to music written for the ensemble as well as the ensemble itself
-in us and western europe - string quartet
- 3 composers of string quartets:
-
haydn
mozart
beethoven - called father of the string quartet and wrote almost seventy
- haydn
- wrote more than twenty string quartets
- mozart
- wrote sixteen and a finale to replace the massive fugal finale
- beethoven
- adagio for string started out as a slow movement for a string quartet
- samuel barber
- a small number of instrumentalists or singer, generally 2 to 10 performers
- ensemble
- a solo instrument in orchestra
- the strdivanius violin
- instrumentation of a string quartet:
-
2 violins
1 viola
1 cello - built violins that are still famous today for their beautiful sound and skilled craftsmenship
- stradivari
- music in films:
- diegetic & non diegetic
-
-music composed, arranged, compiled or improvised to accompany motion pictures
-traditionally used to "support" or "enhance" a film
- film music
- how can music support or enhance a film?
- expression through association with music
- music serves to convey drama:
-
-reoccurring concept throughout the music history
-music and imagery
-music and symbolism - music outside the drama- "underscore" or "background" music
- non-diegetic music
-
-exists for the audience only
-most film music is this
-often written for a certain movie/scene by a composer
-often based on western art music tradition - non-diegetic music
- music within the drama
- diegetic music
-
-characters can hear/react to the music/sound
-often performed by characters in the drama - diegetic music
- stemmed from the 19th century operetta that was common in europe
- musical theatre
- one of the most famous composers of operettas; features a can-can dance
- jacques carenbach
- a light opera with spoken dialogue,songs and dnaces
- operetta
- developed from european operetta, featuring romantic plots, comic moments, appealing melodies, and large ensemble and dance numbers
- musica theatre
- make it possible for theatre groups to perform musicals with just a piano accompianiment
- vocal scores
- is popular for musical theatre
- new york
- has become a benchmark by which american theatre is judged, there are many other locations for quality theatre productions
- broadway street
- an opera that contains comical plot and characters; ofthen in english and french, sometimes spoken
- comic opera
- a vocal or instrumental composition for two performers with or without accompaniment, in which the interest is shared more or less equally between duettists
- duet
- a small number of instrumentalists or singers, generally 2 to 10 performers
- ensemble
- style of opera with dialogue being qusi-sung
- recitative
- west side story-
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by leonard bernstein
-combination of jazz, latin-american rhythms, and a tragic love story - mambo-
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latin american song about conflic being resolved between people
-has many complex rhythms
-involves engaging beats and syncopation - a ballroom dance derived from the cuban roma in which the steps begin on the fourth beat
- mambo
- how to represent a scene in which characters are not aware of each others presence while allowing the audience to witness simultaneous events
- problem of thatre