Greek and Roman
Terms
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- Chiton (Doric, Ionic)
- The Doric chiton is a single rectangle of woolen fabric with an overfold The Ionic chiton was made from linen and is draped without the fold and held in place at the shoulder
- Kolpos
- consists of a blousing of a tunic in ancient Greek clothing, whereby excess length of the material is pulled up over a girdle (zone) and then pulled down, and then often secured with a second zone, forming a pouch.
- Peplos
- The peplos is a tubular cloth, essentially, folded inside-out from the top about halfway down, so that what was the top of the tube is now at the waist and the bottom of the tube is about ankle-length. The garment is then gathered about the waist and the open top (at the fold) pinned over the shoulders. The top of the tube (now inside-out) drapes over the waist providing the appearance of a second piece of clothing,
- Fillet (Costume)
- A narrow strip of ribbon or similar material, often worn as a headband.
- Fibula
- An often ornamented clasp or brooch used in ancient Greece and Rome to fasten clothing.
- Himation
- A rectangular woolen or linen cloak worn by men and women in ancient Greece.
- Petasos (hat)
- A wide-brimmed hat worn by ancient Greeks and Romans.
- Chlamys
- A short mantle fastened at the shoulder, worn by men in ancient Greece.
- Acropolis
- the citadel in ancient Greek towns
- Greek Orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian)
- Doric is the simplest of the orders, characterized by short, faceted, heavy columns with plain, round capitals (tops) and no base. The Iconic Order It is distinguished by slender, fluted pillars with a large base and two opposed volutes (also called scrolls) in the echinus of the capital. The echinus itself is decorated with an egg-and-dart motif. The Ionic shaft comes with four more flutes than the Doric counterpart. The Corinthian Orderis the most ornate of the Greek orders, characterized by a slender fluted column having an ornate capital decorated with two rows of acanthus leaves and four scrolls.
- Cornice
- The cornice molding is the set of projecting moldings that crown an entablature along the top edge of a temple or building. The cornice lies above the frieze, which rests on the architrave, all supported by columns.
- Pediment
- A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure (entablature), typically supported by columns.
- Entablature
- refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals.
- Column
- a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
- Shaft
- The principal portion of a column, between the capital and the base.
- Abacus
- A slab on the top of the capital of a column.
- Echinus
- A convex molding just below the abacus of a Doric capital.
- Base
- The lowest part of a structure, such as a wall, considered as a separate unit
- Flute
- A long, usually rounded groove incised as a decorative motif on the shaft of a column
- Stylobate
- it is the "floor" of the temple
- Triglyph
- consisting of a projecting block having on its face two parallel vertical glyphs or grooves and two half grooves or chamfers on either vertical end, that separates the metopes.
- Metope
- Any of the spaces between two triglyphs on a Doric frieze.
- Frieze
- A plain or decorated horizontal part of an entablature between the architrave and cornice.
- Volute
- A spiral scroll-like ornament such as that used on an Ionic capital.
- Acanthus Leaf
- A design patterned after the leaves of one of these plants, used especially on the capitals of Corinthian columns.
- Caryatid
- A supporting column sculptured in the form of a draped female figure.
- Kline
- Greek Couch
- Klismos
- Greek Chair
- Trapeza
- 3 legged Greek Table
- Aulus
- Double Flute
- Lyre
- Harp
- Tamborin
- Frame Drum
- Pente Grammi
- Board Game
- Episkyros
- "soccer"
- Follis
- Inflated Ball
- Peristyle
- A series of columns surrounding a building or enclosing a court.
- Cella
- The inner room or sanctuary of an ancient Greek or Roman temple, in which the statue of the god was situated.
- Andronitus
- the true living room of the house: here the master will receive his visitors, here the male slaves will work, and the women also busy themselves (promptly retiring, however, on the appearance of masculine strangers).
- Andron
- the dining hall and probably the most pretentious room in the house. Here the guests will gather for the dinner party,
- Gyneconitis
- the hall of the women
- Thalamos
- the great bedroom of the master and mistress
- Anti-Thalamos
- If there are grown-up unmarried daughters, they have another such bedroom, which is this.
- Symposium
- an aristocratic banquet at which men met to discuss philosophical and political issues and recite poetry.
- Fillet [architecture]
- A ridge between the indentations of a fluted column.