philo 184 quiz 1
Terms
undefined, object
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- views moral life in the context of duties, obligations, and what is right
- deontology
- a _______________ believes that the rightness or wrongness of an action does not depend on what sort of consequences follow from the action but on whether or not the action is the right sort of action
- deontologist
- three kinds of duties: (according to W.D. Ross)
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reparation
gratitude
keeping faith - this commands that we act in ways consistent with reason and logic, regardess of our wishes, desires, feelings, emotions, and circumstances
- categorical imperative
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what is this:
"act in such a way that the maxim of your action could be willed to a universal law" - Formula of universal law
- the ___________ is based on the principle or value of universability, that is, something is right only if it is right for everyone
- universal law
-
what is this:
"act in such a way that you treat persons as ends in themselves and not merely as means" - formula of humanity
- moral theories that focus entirely on the consequences or results of actions and rules
- consequentialism
- for __________ an action or rule is right if it is likely to produce more good consequences than any alternative
- consequentialists
- the basis of utilitarianism
- "greatest happiness" or utility
- jeremy bentham and john stuart mill
- utilitarianists
- views moral situations as arenas where justice is in queestion and where the claims of justice can often be addressed by identifying rights
- justice theory
- social contract
- justice theory
- often _____ theory employs the concept of rights
- justice
- characterized by an understanding of the individual as an interdependent socially embedded being
- ethics of care
- ___________ sometimes argue that traditional approaches to ethics are immoral because they ignore contextual features of our lives
- care ethicists
- carol gilligan invented ___________ in response to kohlberg
- care ethics
- some argue that these ethics lack social and political basis
- care ethics
- four principles approach include:
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principle of respect for autonomy
principle of justice
principe of beneficence
principle of nonmaleficence - demands that each rational, competent person be given the right to make medical decisions that affect that persons life
- the principle of autonomy
- principle that states that every person should be treated justly, fairly, and equally
- principle of justice
- the whole purpose of medical practice is to make lives better, to improve patient situations, and make people well again
- principle of beneficence
- tells health care providers that if they can no longer benefit or do good for patients because their condition has drastically worsened, they should at least not harm them
- principle of nonmaleficence