HUMAN ANATOMY 2
Terms
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- Conduction Deafness
- a hearing impairment caused by interference w/ the transmission of sound waves thru the external or middle ear. Causes: physical blockage of external auditory meatus, inflammation of the tympanic membrane, adhesions b/w ossicles, or thickening of the oval window.
- Nerve deafness
- impaired hearing from disease or injury to the inner ear, the vestibulocochlear nerve, or nerve pathwats or centers in the CNS. Causes: infections, tumors, trauma.
- Vertigo
- sensation of irregular or whirling motion. Cause: tumor associated w/ the vestibulocochlear enrve called acoustic neuroma
- Meniere's disease
- disease of semicircular canals. Excess endolymph puts pressure on the balance receptors
- Otitis
- inflammation associated with the ear. Externa, Media, Mastoiditis, Interna
- Otitis Externa
- inflammation of the external auditory canal
- Otitis Media
- inflammation of the middle ear (common in children)
- Otitis Mastoiditis
- inflammation of the mastoid air cells. Caused by otitis media
- Otitis Interna
- inflammation of inner ear
- Cataract
- loss of transparency of the lens or its capsule.
- Detatched retina
- seperation of the retina from the choroid due to trauma to the eye
- Errors of refraction
- Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism
- Myopia
- Error of refraction where one has nearsightedness; the parallel rays of light are focused in the front of the retina
- Hyperopia = hypermetropia
- error of refraction where parallel rays of light are focused in the back of the retina
- Astigmatism
- error of refraction. Condition of unequal curvatures along the different meridians in one or more of the refractive surfaces of the eye. The rays from a luminous point are not focused at a single point on the retina, but are spread out as a line in one or another direction.
- Glaucoma
- increased intraocular pressure due to restricted outflow of the aqueous humor thru the scleral venous sinus. Pressure on the retina or the blood vessels supplying it may result in destruction of the neurons or blindness
- Papilledema
- edema of the optic disk
- Ptosis
- drooping of the eyelid; due to a fault of development or paralysis
- Strabismus
- constant lack of parallelism of the visual axes of the eyes, often caused by lack of coordination of the extrinsic eye muscles