Cult Anth Final
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- What was the "Green Revolution" in Bali?
- Movement to replace traditional varieties of rice with high yield varieties.
- What problems resulted from the "Green Revolution"?
- Pests, and declining soil fertility
- What four elements are key to sustainability of traditional rice agriculture in Bali?
- Volcanic rock, Ducks, algae, and water temples
- What is "subak"?
- "Wet village" a subak is an association of farmers who share water from the same source
- What are four features common to all subaks?
- small, autonomous, democratic, and egalitarian
- How did Lee's Ju/'hoansi assistant describe using a fork?
- He compared it to a metal thing shaped like the forefoot of a lizard
- How has owning livestock affected the lives of Ju/'hoansi women and children?
- Women are more housebound - decrease in mobility; children are needed to help work - not as carefree as before
- WHat are three types of aid granted to the Ju in Dobe after the establishment of the Basarwa Development Office (BDO) in 1974 ?
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Scholarships to attend primary
Aid for well-digging
Agricultural Extension Advice -
What changes in health and nutritional status have affected the Ju/'hoansi?
- higher levels of cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart disease
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In Africa, how is HIV/AIDS primarily transmitted?
- Through heterosexual sex
- How has the relatively high status of women in Ju/'hoansi society affected HIV positive rates for the Ju/'hoansi?
- Ju/'hoansi women are free to choose when they have sex - it is not forced them; They are not afraid to ask their partners to wear condoms
- In Lee's opinion, what is the key to the Ju/'hoansi ongoing vitality?
- Their commitment to egalitarian politics and reciprocal sharing
- How are the elderly treated in Ju/'hoansi society? are they considered a burden?
- The elderly are taken care of, and they consider their right. Not considered a burden
- What is a potential problem for anthropologists who become advocates for the cultures they study?
- Possibility of losing objectivity
- How does Humanity define inequality? (Ch 13)
- The degree to which culturally valued material and social rewards are given disproportionately to individuals, families, and other kinds of groups.
- What is the functional theory of inequality?
- Belief that inequality is necessary for society to motivate its most talented and hardworking member to perform its most important roles - unless society offers higher rewards for those more talented those people not have an incentive to use their talents for the good of all society.
- How do supporters of this theory defend the belief that inequality is morally justified?
- If society as whole is to enjoy the fruits of the labors of its small, well-trained, talented, and hard-working individuals, it is only fair and right that it rewards those indivudals with material goods, respect, and control over public decision making
- What three elements are often inherited and allow some families to maintain their elite status generation after generation?
- wealth, power, prestige
- What is the largest obstacle to the idea of society devising a way for each generation to begin with all members on equal footing?
- The wealthy and powerful would have to agree to such a plan and there is no incentive for them to do so
- What is the conflict of inequality?
- claim that stratification is based ultimately on control over productive resources, such as land, technology, information, and labor. Once the elite gain control over these resources - by whatever means - they get other people to do the work that benefits themselves.
- Who is considered the "father" of conflict theory?
- Karl Marx
- In his view, what is profit based on?
- Exploitation of workers
- What is the proletariat?
- the working class
- What are members of the capitalist class called?
- Bourgeoisie
- According to the functional theory of inequality, who benefits from a stratified society?
- Everyone
- According to the conflict theory of inequality, who benefits from a stratified society?
- Only the elite, but overall inequality is detrimental to society because of the conflicts it creates
- What does W.H.O. stand for?
- World Health Organization
- What organization if WHO part of? Why was WHO created?
- WHO is part of the United Nations
- What is the difference in birthrates in developed and undeveloped countries?
- the birthrates are much higher in undeveloped countries.
- What are two ideas are discussed by Humanity as possible solutons to the growing economic problems in the undeveloped world ?
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1) create massive economic development programs to increase agricultural and industrial production, linked to programs to reduce the population growth rates
2) mass migration of people from the underdeveloped to the developed countries of the world - What two forms of migration are occurring in the world today?
- 1) rural to urban migration
- What percentage of the world's population lives on the less than $1 a day?
- 1/5 of the worlds populations
- How many legal immigrants come to the US each year?
- 1/5
- Proportionately, which country has the largest problem with illegal immigrants?
- South Africa
- When did headnmanship become established in the Dobe area?
- 1948
- How did intermarriage work between the ju/'hoansi and either the Herero or Tswana?
- Ju/'hoansi women married Herero or Tswana men, but Ju/'hoansi men did not marry Herero or Tswana women
- WHat did Herero consider to be one major disadvantage of being married to a Ju girl?
- Ju girls were considered to be too independent
- Under what circumstances did the Ju obtain meat from the Herero?
- they were often attacked by lions, leopards, or wild dogs. Whenever meat could salaged from one of these kills, it would be given to the Ju. In the spring, cattle, would offten eat a posionous plant that would not affect the meat and this was also given to the Ju.
- What is the dominant ethnic group of the botswanna?
- Tswana - refugees from the south in the early 19th century.
- What type of subsistence strategy do they employ?
- cattle herding - traditionally pastoralists
- In the late 1990s what sport became popular in the dobe area?
- Soccer
- When the school opened in 1973, why were there no ju students?
- cost, would mean being tied to one place, school wa sin an area with a lot of drinking, not allowed to speak their own language, becoming rebellious, fear of children, corporal punishment
- How does humanity define an ethnic group?
- A named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience of ancestry
- What is an ethnic boundary marker?
- Overt factors used to demonstrate or denote group membership
- What are two ethnic boundary markers?
- religion and language
- What is ethnic homogenization?
- Process by which one ethnic group attempts to eliminate rival ethnic groups
- What are two forms of homogenization?
- ethnic cleansing and assimilation
- what is ethnic cleansing?
- the physical elimination of an unwanted ethnic group or groups from particular geographic areas, genocide or relocation
- What is ethnogenesis and in what two ways does it usually occur?
- emergence of new ethnic group; 1 group may split into two, two groups may merge to form one
- what are subnationalities?
- people that see themselves as dependent and politcally subordinate subsets of a nationality
- What are transnationals?
- members of an ethnic community who live outside their ountry of origin and homeland
- what is assimilation?
- social absorption of one ethnic group by another dominant one
- What is genocide?
- deliberate and systematic attempt to physically destroy the members of a rival population
- What is accommodation?
- formal recognition and support of ethnic and cultural differences of the population
- What is population of Mexico City today?
- 20 million
- WHat was the first city to reach a population of 1 million
- London - 1820
- In 1959 the population was 3 billion how long did that take to double?
- 40 years
- In pre-industrial societies, what percentage of the populaton was rural?
- 80-90%
- what percentage of americans live in citieS?
- 80%
- What were the sources of pre-industrial energy?
- human and animal muscle, wind and water mills
- What energy sources are derived from fossil fuels?
- coal, oil, gas
- How did Dr. House define industrialism?
- new energy sources harnessed to new mechanical devices and chemical processes, producing explosions of stuff
- According to some Balinese, what did the green revolution lead to?
- "time of hunger"
- What is being done in an attempt to preserve some subaks in bali?
- working to have some subaks designated as part of an UNESCO world heritage site
- What is a tenah?
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1) final segment in the subak organization
2) unit of rice
3) unit of water - What is a kgotla?
- the court of tswanna headsman - used to settle disputes since the 1940s