biology 101 final KD
Terms
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-
(functional groups)
is an alcohol - hydroxyl
-
(functional groups)
example
ethanol - hydroxyl (-OH)
-
(functional groups)
is polar-electrons spend more time near electronegative oxygen atom - hydroxyl (-OH)
-
(functional groups)
is a carbonyl group within a carbon skeleton - ketone
-
(functional groups)
is a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon skeleton - aldehyde
-
(functional groups)
example
acetone - carbonyl (ketone)
-
(functional groups)
example
propanal - carbonyl (aldehyde)
-
(functional groups)
found in sugars, give rise to aldoses and ketoses - carbonyl
-
(functional groups)
organic acids
carboxylic acids - carboxyl
-
(functional groups)
example
acetic acid - carboxyl
-
(functional groups)
acidic properties-covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is very polar
- carboxyl
-
(functional groups)
found in cells in the ionized form with a charge of 1- and called a carboxylate ion - carboxyl
-
(functional groups)
amines - amino
-
(functional groups)
example
glycine - amino
-
(functional groups)
compounds with both amino groups and carboxylic acid - amino acids
-
(functional groups)
acts as a base (picks up H+ from surrounding solutions - amino
-
(functional groups)
thiols - sulfhydryl
-
(functional groups)
example
cysteine - sulfhydryl
-
(functional groups)
two of these groups react and form covalent bonds, stabilizing protein structure (called "cross-linking") - sulfhydryl
-
(functional groups)
organic phosphates - phosphate
-
(functional groups)
example
glycerol phosphate (backbone for phospholipids in cell membranes) - phosphate
-
(functional groups)
methylated compounds - methyl
-
(functional groups)
example
5 methyl cytidine
(compound of DNA) - methyl
-
(functional groups)
affects expression of genes when introduced into DNA - methyl
-
(functional groups)
arrangment in male and female sex hormones affects shape and function - methyl
-
(functional groups)
-OH - hydroxyl
-
(functional groups)
>CO - carbonyl
-
(functional groups)
-COOH - carboxyl
-
(functional groups)
-NH2 - Amino
-
(functional groups)
-SH - sulfhydryl
-
(functional groups)
P - phosphate
-
(functional groups)
Ch3 - methyl
-
(funtional groups)
(= means double bond)
O
=
-C
OH
- carbonyl
-
(functional groups)(=means double bond)
O
=
-C
OH - carboxyl
-
(functional groups)
H
/
-N
H - amino
-
(functional groups)
H
|
-C-H
|
H - methyl
- the process by which a DNA template is used for the manufacture of several different types of RNA
- transcription
- the process by which information encoded in RNA is used to manufacture a polypeptide.
- translation
- What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
- RNA processing
- A sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule
- codon
- the codon that codes for methionine
- AUG
- the three "stop" codons
-
UAA
UAG
UGA - In RNA, uracil takes the place of-
- thymine
- Spliceosomes are composed of
- snRNPs and other proteins
- Translation occurs in the
- cytoplasm