WORK AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Terms
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- Alienation
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Marx noted that industrialization and the division of labor have separated the worker from the work process, from the object he or she produces, and from his or her fellow workers. This experience involves feelings of powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, estrangement, and social isolation in the workplace.
- Bureacracy
- a large, complex organization employing highly specialized workers who work within the context of what max weber called a legal- rational authority structure
- Capitalism
- The economic system in which private individuals or corporate groups own the means of production and distribution. Capitalists invest capital to produce goods and services, which they sell for profit in a competitive free market.
- Discouraged Workers
- those people who are not actively seeking employment. Specifically, they are thought to have turned their backs on the traditional work system and to have abandoned any desire to be gainfully employed. Most discouraged workers are qualified to work only within the secondary job market. They consist disproportionately of women and racial minorities
- Discriminatory unemployment
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unemployment resulting from discrimination against particular groups, such as ethnic minorities and women.
- Extrinsic rewards
- when work rewards the worker with money, prestige, respect and social recognition.
- Intrinsic rewards
- when work rewards the worker with the feeling of a job well done. Niceee
- Reporting relationships
- a network in a beurocratic organization that enmeshes each individual worker into a Christmas shaped structure that repeatedly branches out as you go down the hierarchy. Thus, at the bottom of the hierarchy many people have to 1) carry out orders from above. 2) Report work related information up the tree to their superiors, and 3) uphold linkages between the organization and its client or customer base. At the top of the hierarchy, a few people 1) issue orders to their subordinates, 2) process information received from below, and 3) uphold linkages between the organization and other organizations- political, economical and social
- Social capital
- some people have more education, income, and social status; often these people have larger networks of acquaintances with more varied people among them. Sociologists call having larger, more varied, and more powerful networks ‘ having greater ?
- Socialism
- an alternative economic and political ideology that flourished in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It favors’ the public ownership of the means of production and distribution, and the investment of public capital in producing goods and services.