chapter 11 biology 101 KD
Terms
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signal on cells surface is converted to a cellular response
brings about cellular response through transduction - signal transduction pathway
- a type of local regulator in animals; stimulate nearby cells to grow and divide
- growth factors
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term for a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule
example: signaling molecule - ligand
- a protein that binds to GTP
- g protein
- what uses g protein coupled reception?
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yeast mating factors
epinephrine, hormones, neruotransmitters - an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to the amino acid tyrosine on a substrate protein
- tyrosine kinase
- an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a protein
- protein kinase
- catalyze the removal of the phosphate groups from protein kinases, making them inactive and available for reuse
- protein phosphatases
- What are the advantages of signaling pathways with multiple steps?
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1) Amplify signal and in turn amplify signal response
2) provide different points where regulation can occur
3) allow cells to respond to signaling pathways in specific ways because of the presence of specific proteins - what is gtpase associated with?
- g protein regulated pathways
- what is phosphodiesterase associated with?
- conversion of cAMP to AMP
- what do protein phosphatases do?
- remove phosphate groups off of active protein kinases in phosphorylation cascades, making the inactive and ready for reuse
- controlled cell suicide
- apoptosis
- enzymes that cut up proteins and DNA of a cell
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proteases
nucleases