STEP 1: antibiotics
Terms
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- Block peptide cross-linking
- -cillins
-
Penicillin can be used for:
(7) -
G B Strep
Strep
G+ rods: Clostridium, bacillus
Neisseria
Spirochetes
Syphillis -
Penicillinase resistant:
________, ______, ______
Resistant b/c of _____ -
Meth-, naf-, and dicloxa- cillins
Bulkier R group
"staph: think naf" -
Extended spectrum Penicillins
_______
Use for ________ -
Amp- and Amoxi- cillins.
HELPS:
Hemophilus influenza, E Coli, Listeria, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella -
TCP:
Takes Care of Psudomonas -
Ticar-
Carbeni-
Pipera-
Cillins -
cephalosporins:
1st generation -
Cefa: -zolin, -lexin
"1st lexus at the zoo" -
Cephalosporins
3rd generation -
Cef-
triaxone
fotaxime
tazidime
3 tries for a dime -
No cross allergenicity with penicillins and inhibits cell wall synthesis.
G- Rods only - Aztreonam
- Major side effects (rash, CNS toxicity) limit use to life-threatening bacterial infections
- imipenem/cilastin, Meropenem
- Binds D-ala precursors
- Vancomycin
- Resistance to Vanc occurs when _____ is changed to _____
-
D-ala D-ala
changed to
D-ala D-lac -
Red man syndrome
- Vancomycin
- Inhibition of initiation complex
-
Aminoglycocides
GNATS
micins:
Gent, Neo, Amika, Tobra, Strepto -
Nephrotox, ototox, and...
1. Thrombophlebitis
2. Teratogen -
1. Vanc
2. Aminoglycosides
(GNAT) - Buy AT 30, CCELL at 50
-
30: Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines
50: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromicin, Lincomycin, Linezolid -
Tetracyclines (the -cyclines)
Use for (4) -
1. Chlamydia
2. Borrelia Burgdorferi (lyme dx)
3. Rickettsia (Rock Mt Sp Fever, typhus)
4. H Pylori - Young child with discolored teeth and short stature (limited bone growth)
- Tetracyclins
-
Macrolides (thromycins)
1. Block __________
2. Use for ______ -
1. translocation by binding 23sRNA
2. PUS
Pneumonias, URIs, STDs - Prolonged QT interval + GI discomfort
-
Macrolides (-Thromycins)
"Mac tried to throw a long QT but his stomach hurt too much" -
Gray baby syndrome
(premature infants that lack UDP glucronyl transferase) - Chloramphenicol
-
Anaerobes above the diaphragm
(B Fragilis, C perfringens) - Clindamycin
- C Diff overgrowth = pseudomembranous colitis
- Clindamycin
- Blocks dihydropteroate synthetase
- Sulfonamides
- Need to give with folic acid in order to avoid anemias
- Trimethoprim
- Blocks dihydrofolate reductase
- Trimethoprim
- Inhibit DNA gyrase
-
Fluoroquinilones
(-floxacins) - Damages cartilage = NO for pregnant women and children
- Fluoroquinilones
- Tendon rupture in adult
- Fluoroquinilones
-
1. Disulfiram-like reaction with Alcohol
2. Used for infections below the belt - Metronidazole
- Act like detergents and disrupt cell membrane
- Polymyxins
- red green color blindness
- Ethambutol
-
M. TB
Use: (2) - Rifampin, Isiniazid (also for prophylaxis)
-
M Leprae (Leprosy)
Treatment (3) - *Dapsone, Rifampin, Clofazimine
- TB prophylaxis
- Isoniazid
- orange Pee
- Rifampin
- Leprosy and TB treatment
- Rifampin
-
Surgical or dental procedures:
Prophylaxis against Endocarditis - Penicillins