Biology 1113 exam 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- name the key cellular process in which one cell divides into two identical cells
- mitosis
- what four-letter acronym helps us to remember the stages of mitosis
- pmat
- give the complete names represented by each of the four letters in pmat
- prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase
- what stage does replication occur
- interphase
- what major chromosomal process must occur before cell replication can occur?
- chromosomes replicate (duplication)
- what nuclear structures become visible during prophase? why?
- chromosomes, they condense
- in humans, how many potential chrosmosomes (chromatids) are present during prophase?
- 92 (46*2)
- what structure holds the replicated chromosomes together?
- kinetochore
- during which phase of mitosis do the replicated chromosomes pairs (sister chromatids) line up at the equator of the cell?
- metaphase
- what structure attaches to and moves the chromosomes
- spindle fibers making up the mitotic spindle
- the ends of the spindle fibers are attached to what organelle?
- centrioles
- which stage of mitosis begins when the kinetochores split?
- anaphase
- name the last stage of mitosis
- telephase
- what are two major characteristics of telephase?
-
-cells split in 2
-nuclear membrane reforms - what is the outcome of mitosis?
- one cell into two
- in humans, how many chromosomes sets are found in each daughter cell?
- 2 sets
- how many individual chromosomes are there in each set of human cells?
- 46
- because of mitosis, all nucleated cells of our bodies contain copies of chromosomes that we inherited from...
- mommy and daddy
- cells that have two of each type of chromosome are termed?
- 2n or diploid
- cells that have only one of each kind of chromosomes are termed?
- 1n or diploid
- name of cells that have only one set of chromosomes?
- gametes
- genetic process that produces 1n gametes? (2 names)
- meiosis or reduction division
- each normal gamete has how many sets of chromosomes?
- one set
- for each cell that begins the process of meiosis, how many cells are produced?
- four
- each normal human gamete has how many chromosomes?
- 46
- of the 46 chromosomes that a normal human gamete has, how many copies of the original chromosomes are inherited from the mother? from the father
- 23 from each
- term defined as the separation of a pair of chromosomes during cell replication
- segregation (law of)
- name given to replicated chromosome #4 derived from daddy and replicated chromosome #4 from mommy when positioned side by side during meiosis.
- homologous chromosomes in SYNAPSIS
- genetic "law": the way that one pair of homologous chromosomes lines up during metaphase 1, does not influence the way the other 22 pairs (humans) of homologous chromosomes line up.
- law of independent assortment
- owing to this process, each human has the ability to produce >8million chromosomally different gametes
- law of independent assortment
- process observed during meiosis where maternally and paternally derived chromosomes exchange parts of themselves
- crossing over
- during what stage of meiosis does the process of crossing over occur?
- prophase 1/metaphase 1
- the somatic cells (body cells) of a normal human contain how many chromosomes?
- 46
- how many of EACH kind of chromosomes do we have?
- 2
- who is considered to be the father of genetics?
- gregor mendel
- where and approximtely when did gregor mendel live?
- in austria and 1822-1884
- in families consisting of five children, what percentage will have all girls?
- .5^(5)