psych 311 lectures 2nd half
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- 1. What evidence in a study by Livesley et al suggests a heritable factor for factor associated with abusiveness?
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studied 90 monozygotic and 85 dizogotic twins
found;
high heritability
identity problrems
identity problems
intimacy problems
rejections enstivity
all these factors are rated to bpo and bpd
hence may be heritable set of psychological factors that predisopose one to become abusive. - shore contribution to abusiveness
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right hemipshers have growth spurt beginning in the last trimester of pregnancy 1.5 years of life
hence emtions governing neural structures develop before language aquisition.
optimal development of emtion regualing depends on attunded dyditic interaciton in mother hcild attachment. - tremblay and Nagin main finding
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argue that this is not learned agression but a naturally occuring display and that child learns to inhibit agressiona s they get older
agressive outbursts peak frequency 18 months.
abusive people may have problems with learning to control it - what mediated the relationship of attachment style to abusiveness in the study by follingstad.
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found that anxous attachment style resulting form early lfie experinces lead to angery temperment
the model predicted
angery temperment mediated the realtionship between anxous attachment style and abusvieness - what defines a personality disorder
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enduring pattern of inner experiences and behavior that deviates markedly from expectations of individuals in cultures
cognition
affectivity
interpersonal function
impulsive controlling.
pattern is stable and long lasting - NEM
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negative emtionality
it is a composite of aggression, aleination and extreme stress reaction
NEM at 15 predicted the use of violence at age 21 - 10. In the study by Ehrensaft et al, what was the strongest predictor of IPV? How did it operate
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conduct disorder was the strongest predictor of perpetration by both sexes
essentially conduct problems failed to dissipate over time some individuals , developing into a variety of adult personality disorder. - 11. In the Dunedin study, what did Magdol find predicted IPV? Did this differ by gender of the perpetrator?
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- 1) anti social behvoir measured in females at age 15 predicted their use of intimate aggression against male intimates at age 21
- 2) womans conduct problems correlated with their later use of voielnce against their partners.
- The correlation were roughly similar certainly not significantly different
- 13. What features characterize Anti-social PD?
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pervasive pattern of disregard and violations of rights of others since age 15 and including 3 of the following
law breaking
impulsivity
deictivuness
ittability and agressivenss
disregard for saftey
lack of remourse - assortative mating
- people with similar personality deficits getting together.
- what is the cycle of violence
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3 phases tension building
Battering
Calm Stage
- 18. According to Westen & Shedler what factors describe Borderline PD? How did they capture their data?
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tend to be angery hostile
anxous
react to critism with rage
tends to ber overly needy dependatn requires excessive reasurrance or appoval.
tend to feel misunderstood mistreated
irrational
catastrophise
emtiosn tend to change rapidly and unpredictibly
based on facotr scores of clinical q sort descriptions. - 20. What was the basic methodology of the Dutton study on The Abusive Personality
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assessed borderline tendencies atttachment trauma symptoms anger in male corut mandates treatment group
correalted their personality varibles with their wives scores of abusvienss
bpo scale and subscale and anger substacles strongly correalted with wives reprots of emtional and physical abuse. - 21. What is BPO? How is it different from BPD? How was it measured in the Abusive Personality study?
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BPD is a category of personality disorders with distict diagnostic criteria
BPO treats borderline traits as exiting on a continuim. -
25. What is the Attachment Behavioral System?
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Three important principles which drive infant attachment behvoir
- First, alarm of any kind, stemming form any source activates attachment behvoiral system of a infant
- Second, when this systm is intensily active only physical contact with the attachment figure will serve to terminate it
- Finally the attachment system is activated for a long time without reaching termination angry behvoir regularly observed in the infant.
- Ie anger follows unment attachment needs
- 26. How does this system give us an insight into human separation phenomena?
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1) activates the attachment behavioral system
2) includes extreme arousal
3) child forms a sence of self seperate 12018 months
4) peak temper tanrum occurs at 18 months. - 28. What is an "internal model" of a secure base? What important function does it serve?
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an infant will develop a sence of safe haven were he/ she can go to have dsitress soothed
will develop a internal model of a secure base an intermal schema of self attahcment
interal model becomes essentail in later ability to self sooth during adult distress.