anatomy jay t
Terms
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- eyes, ears, nose, touch sensors, pain receptors
- sensory input (receptors)
- brain and spinal cord
- integration (interpretation)
- from CNS to effector cells (muscles/glands), conducted by nerves of peripheral nervous system
- motor output (responses)
- increase surface area, multiple input
- dendrites (signal from tips)
- singular/long, myelin sheath formed by schwann cells- increase rate of conduction + insulation
- axon (signal toward tips)
- info about environment from receptors to CNS- long axon
- sensory neurons
- integration- connect neurons (association neurons)
- interneurons
- CNS to effector cells (like muscles)
- motor neurons
- bind together + insulate neurons
- neuroglia/glial cells
- difference in charge between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell
- membrane potential
- electrical charge across plasma membrane when neuron is at rest
- resting (membrane) potential
- channels are closed and cell can not have another action potential
- refractory period
- interior becomes less negative (Na+ open so Na+ into cell)
- depolarization
- -50 to -55 mv --> triggers an action potential
- threshold potential
- opening of K+ channels and closing of Na+ channels, inside becomes negative again
- repolarizatoin
- neuron insensitive to depolarization for a certain amount of time - will not trigger another depolarization; ensures one-way conduction
- refractory period
- interior becomes more negative (K+ gates open so K+ moves out of cell)
- hyperpolarization
- where the sheath of one Schwann cell meets the next--unprotected axon
- nodes of Ranvier
- electrical signal converted to chemical signal that crosses the synaptic left
- chemical synapses
- located in axon terminal, carry neurotransmitters
- synaptic vesicles
- neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction (where nerves meet with muscles)
- acetylcholine