Issues in Planning
Terms
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- PUD
- Flexible negotiated zoning that allows for mixed use
- Mount Laurel Cases
- Exclusionary housing
- Legislation that defines local planning function
- State Enabling legislation
- Euclid vs Ambler Realty
- Court case that established zoning
- Centralization
- movement of people, jobs and resources to the city. the underlying theme in the 19th century urbanization
- de-centralization
- movement of people, jobs and resources out of the city to outlying areas. The underlying theme in the 20th century urbanization
- During the commercial era only _____% of total population lived in cities
- 5-15
- Cities were compact and ranged in population of
- 6,000-12,000
- Cities were located on____ and Social classes were ____
- Ports, mixed
- The center of activity moved away from the transport accessible____ to large____ areas.
- port, downtown
- These cities had different neighborhoods for different social_____
- classes
- The elements of early master planning were
- land use, public recreation and civic art.
- The main elements of the Garden City were
- a system of new towns connected by rail lines; agricultural zones; and a growth boundary.
- 5th amendment states
- the owner must be compensated for the value of what is taken
- 14th amendment states
- that if they cannot come to an agreement, the court decides the property value.
- “Father of Zoning.â€
- Edward M. Bassett
- The Reclamation Act of 1902:
- converted arid federal land into agricultural productive land to encourage individual families to settle in the West.
- The Ordinance of 1785:
- created 6x6 mi townships; 1 sq. mi sections- 640 acres to be farms.
- planners can be consultants and work in ____ firms.
- PRIVATE
- The five types of planners are:
- builder of community CONSENSUS, entrepreneur, advocate, neutral public SERVANT , and agent of radical change.
- Planners report to these three entities:
- PLANNING board, community legislative body, and chief ELECTED official.
- To engage the public, planners use various approaches including:
- visioning, charettes, and scenarios in PUBLIC meetings and presentations.
- famous public housing project that won an AIA award
- Pruitt Igoe
- The majority of new private communities are _____ communities.
- GATED
- cheapest form of housing..
- Single Room Occupancy
- The _____ of participation describes the degree to which public participation processes achieves true empowerment.
- LADDER
- The Government’s right to take property for public purposes is called _____
- EMINENT DOMAIN
- The right of the community to regulate the activities of private parties to protect the interest of the public is called______
- POLICE POWER
- According to the Constitution, legitimate types of public interest that the government can regulate are ______ and _____
- HEALTH, safety and PUBLIC WELFARE
- The two court cases that established that REGULATION IS NOT A TAKING were
- MUGLER v. Kansas and HADACHECK v. Sebastian.
- The first comprehensive zoning ordinance was in....
- NEW YORK
- Cumulative zoning that allows the specific category of use + all higher zones is called______ or pyramid zoning
- Euclidian
- The land-mark court cases for exclusionary zoning and rights of non-residents are the____
- Mt. Laurel cases.
- Basic controls imposed by traditional zoning are use,______ and bulk.
- DENSITY
- The use of land-use controls to keep out types of activity that will bring more costs than revenues is called _______ zoning.
- FISCAL
- The two most powerful tools to carrying out the physical side of a plan are capital _____ and land use controls.
- INVESTMENT, LAND
- In 1974, Urban Renewal Act was replaced by Housing and Community _____ Act which reduced the role of _____ Government in community affairs.
- DEVELOPMENT, FEDERAL