forensic readings
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
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wilson
deterence - the efficeincy of trying to prevent crime by making would be offedners fearfull of punishment
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wilson
imprisonment rates -
on average no more than three felons out of a hundred reuslt in impisonment for the offender
- issac ehlrich
- found that as income level and age distribution of the population, the higher the probability of imprisonment for those convicted for robber the lower the robbery rate. but the severity of the sentance had no deterence effect.
- alfred blumstein nagin
- studied the relationship between draft evasion and penalties imposed for draft dodging. after controlling of socioeconomic characteristics of the state, they found the higher probability of conviction for draft evasion the lower the evasion rates.
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wilson
micheal block - same paramiters as the blumsten study, in saying that white collar crime can be deterred.
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wilson
kenneth Wolpin of Yale -
found that changes in probabiliy of being punished seems to cause changes in crime rates.
through evidencde as to weather capital punishments deters crime is quite ambiguous, most of the studies find that the chances of being imprisoned for murder do seem to affect the murder rate. -
wilson
what we would like to know is how changes in the prospective costs of crime and in teh prospective bennifits of legimate altneratives effect bhevoir of indiviudals who are at risk -
such person tend to be disportionaltiy young males
young men hanging around on the street corners and theives who associted with other theives tend to depend for thier information on the accounts of other young men who have at run in who thierfore supply crudly accurate estiatme of th e currest rists of arrests prosecution and sentancing. -
wilson
Murrey and Cox -
followed them for a average of 17 months after thier release. during this period the frequency with which they were arrested declined about two thrids.
- The members of this group of hardcore delinquents were arrested average of 6.3 times each during the year before being sent away only 2.9 times during the 17 months on the street after release
- The study focuses on person who have already committed crimes, we remain uncertain about the effect of changes in criminal justice system on those who have no yet committed any crime.
- The authors of all three studies found that person who believed they were likely to be punished for a particular criminal act were less likely to report anonymously having committed the act than there were person who though they probably wouldn’t be punished.
- The moral quality of their actions and the internalized inhibition against misconduct arising out of that moral code, are probably the major deterents to crime. (for most people)
- The results of those changes seem to indicated the more focused and aggressive the police effort the greater chance it will make a difference. Changes in the level of routine preventive patrol in market cars seemed to make little differences KC but changes in the number of officers riding new your subways cars and changes in aggressiveness of san deigo policemen seemed to make a difference