Biochem1011
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Key Enzyme(s):
Glycogenolysis -
glycogen --> glucose
*Glycogen phosphorylase -
Key Enzyme(s):
Glycogenesis -
glucose --> glycogen
* hexokinase
* glycogen synthase -
Key Enzyme(s):
Glycolysis -
glucose-6-P --> pyruvate
* PFK
* pyruvate kinase -
Key Enzyme(s):
Gluconeogenesis -
pyruvate --> glucose
* pyruvate carboxylase
* PEPCK
* F-1,6-bisphosphatase
* glucose-6-phosphatase -
Key Enzyme(s):
Pyruvate --> acetyl CoA - * PDH
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Key Enzyme(s):
TCA cycle -
* isocitrate DH
* alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
* succinyl CoA synthase -
Key Enzyme(s):
Fatty Acid Synthesis -
acetyl CoA --> fatty acid
* acetyl CoA carboxylase -
Key Enzyme(s):
Lipolysis -
triglyceride --> glycerol + FA
* hormone-sensitive lipase -
Key Enzyme(s):
Lipogenesis -
glycerol + FA --> triglyceride
* acyltransferase -
Key Enzyme(s):
Amino Acid Oxidation
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AA --> glutamate -*-> NH3 + alpha Kg
* glutamate DH
NH3 -**-> urea
** CPS -
Key Enzyme(s):
Fatty Acid Oxidation -
Fatty acyl CoA -*-> fatty acylcarnitine --> (mitochondria) --> acetyl CoA
* CPT1 ...(CAT1?) - 3 Sources that lead to Glucose-6-Phosphatase production
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1. hexokinase (glucokinase)
2. gluconeogenesis
3. glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown) - 4 Fates of glucose-6-phosphatase
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1. glycolysis
2. pentose phosphate pathway
3. glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis)
4. free glucose - 3 Sources of Pyruvate
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1. lactate
2. alanine
3. glycolysis - 5 Fates of Pyruvate
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1. alanine
2. lactate
3. oxalacetate
4. glucose
5. acetyl CoA - 4 Sources of Acetyl CoA
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1. pyruvate
2. amino acids
3. ketone bodies
4. fatty acids - 4 Fates of Acetyl CoA
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1. ketone bodies
2. amino acids
3. fatty acids
4. cholesterol - Excess NADH and absence of QH2
- poisoned by amytal or rotenone (complex I)
- If the mitochondria are still consuming oxygen..
- poisoned by 2,4 DNP (uncoupler)
- There is an excess of QH2 and an absence of reduced Cyt C, and the mitochondria are not still consuming oxygen
- poisoned by Antimycin (complex III)
- Coenzyme A
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2 carbon carrier
Pantothenic Acid, B5 - TPP
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2 carbon carrier
thiamine, B1 - NAD
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hydrogen carrier
niacin, B3 - FAD
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hydrogen carrier
riboflavin, B2 - Lipoic acid
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2 carbonr carrier +/or H
Not a vitamin source - Tay-Sachs Disease
- Enzyme deficiency: hexoaminidase A
- Niemann-Pick disease
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enzyme defeciency: sphingomyelinase
*liver and spleen enlargement - A-I
- Activator of LCAT (HDLs)
- B-100
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Synthesized in liver
ligand for LDL receptor - C-II
- Activator of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase
- D
- possibly identical to the cholesterol ester transfer protein