psych 331 readings

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rethinking domestic violence bard: bard began studies that mandatory arrest could prevent iatrogenic voilence (caused by mishandling by the police.
rethinkin domestic violence wilt and breedlove studies: participants of homicide and assult were studied over 2 years.
the majority of homicide, aggrivated assult criminals had priors, arreest and rehabiliation programs did not seem to work on criminals, probably becuase they had not been arrested in the past.
Rethinking Domestic Voilence why arrest: police witness roughly a third of domestic vioelnce cases they deal with

almost always women are injured 37% of the all dom cases police attend

Sherman and berk found roughly 30% chance of recidivism in 6 months if police did not arrest.
rethinking domestic violence ford and Regoli Study: went to 1 of 4 ways; no prosecution, pre trail diversion, prosection, rehabiliation

just passing through the legal system reduced recidivism.
Rethinking Domestic Violence mandatory arrest: important to remember although this is meant to protect women- witnesses can always refuse to testify or compliantant can pretend they were lying about the abuse

ties to compensate for diffcult decisions police have to make about ambiguous situations

worry police would try to reduce domestic violence into something else because they have no choice but to arrest if its a domestic case.

those without a stake in conformity re offend and detterence doesnt really effect them.

based on demographic group, study questionaire shows that men who had been arrested in the past overestimated the liklihood of future arrest and their wife leaving, the police beleive her and receing higher informal sanctions
those who had not been arrested underestimated the likelihood of being arrested.
rethinking domestic violence Minneapolis study (Sherman): three outcomes, mediation, separation and arrest
for a 6 month period those who had been offended arrested the least repeated than the other two conditions

study did not note if those arrested ended up giong to trial or not which means it may have been more accurately and arrest probation condition.

after 6 months the arrest group had a higher rate of recidivism

long term increase in recidivsm with short arrest

those with a higher stake in conformity had low recidivsim than marginalized populations

surveillance of those arrest condition confounds findings.
rethinking domestic abuse mandatory no drop conclusions: potentially this policy could prevent women from calling in disputes that they want resolved becuase they dont want thier partner arrested.

this effect was observed in colorado springs 911 calls dropped in dom. violence but all other call increased with population growth

Mills takes the survivor based approach; where the women decides which path she should take and only uses the legal system if it is her choice, becuase she need to remain in control. if she does not then we should respect her decision becuase spousal violence is in fact an intiamte issue.
Field Experiments and Quasi Experimental Designs History: events, other than the experiments treatment, occurring between pretest and post test thus providing an alternative explanation of affects.
Field Experiments and Quasi Experimental Designs instability: unreliability of measures
Field Experiments and Quasi Experimental Designs Testing: the effect of taking a test upon the scores of a second testing.
Field Experiments and Quasi Experimental Designs Instrumentation: in which changes in calibration of a measuring instrument or changes in the observers or scores sued may produced cahnges in obtained measurements.
Field Experiments and Quasi Experimental Designs Regression Artifacts: psuedo shifts occuring when persons or treatment unites have been selected upon the basis of thier extreme scores.
Field Experiments and Quasi Experimental Designs Selection: biases resulting from differential recruitment of comparison groups, producing different mean levels on measure effects.
Field Experiments and Quasi Experimental Designs selection: bias resulting from differential recruitment of comparison groups, producing different mean levels on the measure of effects.
Experimental Morality: the differential loss of respondents.
threats to external validy, reforms as experiments Interaction effects of Testing: The effect of a pretest in increasing or decreasing the respondents sensitivity or responsiveness to the experimental variable.
Interaction of selection and experimental treatment: unrepresentative responsiveness of treated population.
reactive effects of the experimental arragements: hawthorn effects
Multiple treatment inference: where multiple treatments are jointly applied, effects atypical of the seperate application of treatments
irrelevant responsiveness of measures: all measures are complex and include irrelevant components that may produce apparent effects.
irrelevant replicabiliy of treatments: treatments are complex and replciations of them may fail to incude those components acutally responsible for the affect.
reforms as experiments interrupted time series design: has mutltible points of observation before and after an intervention or treatment. in addition incldues a non equivalent (not randomly desinged) controlled group..
reforms as experiments control series design: this design is simply the time series design with the addition of a comparison group
reforms as experiments Regression Discontinuity Design: in its simplest form the RD design is a pre test post test program comparison group strategy. the unique characteristic which sets RD designs apart from other pre post group designs is the method which reserach particpants are assigned in RD designs, particpants are assigned to program or comparison groups solely on the basis of a cut off score on a pre progam clincial trails.
reforms as experiments randomized control group experiments: experimetns with randomization tend to be limited to laboratory and agricultural experiement station. but this need not be so for statistical purposes randomization unites should be numerous an dehnce ideally small.
reforms as experiments Staged Innovation: under the program of staged innovation the introduction of a program would be deliberatly spread out and those units selcted to be first and last would be randomly assigned. so that during the transition period the first recepitents could be analyzed as experimeant units the last recipeints as controls.
thinking about crime deterrence: over the efficiency of trying to prevent crime by making would be offenders fearfull of punishment
thinking about crime as sanctions become more likley both sets of data suggest that crime becomes less common. it is posible as some critics of deterence say, that rising crime rates swamp teh criminal justice system so that a negative statist: d
rethinking crime Alfred Blumstein, Nagin: studied the relationship between draft evasion and penalties imposed for draft doging. after controling for socioeconoic charactersitics of the state they found the higher probabiliy of conviction for draft evatlion the lower the evasionr ates.
rethinking crime micheal block: repeated blumsten results with white collar criminals .
rethinking crime historical data: historical data on the criminal justice system in america are so spotty that such reserach is difficult to do here, but not as diffuclt in englined kennth wolpin of yale found that changes in probabiliy of being punished seems to cause changes in crime rates.
re thinking crime Murrey and Cox: folllowed people an average of 17 months after their release. during this period the frequency with which they were arrested decliend by about two thirds.

the members of thsi group of hardcore delinquents were arrested average of 6.3 times each during the year before being sent away only 2.9 times during the 17 months on the street after release.

the authors of all three studies found that personw ho belived they were likley to be pusniehd for a particular cirminal act were less likely to report anonymously haivng cormited the act.

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