chapter 5 bio 101 KD
Terms
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- covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
- glycosidic linkage
- hexoses have how many carbons?
- 6
- what is the structure of the dissacharide lactose?
- glucose molecule joined to a galactose molecule
- GLUCOSE
-
c6H12O6
carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups -
a polymer of glucose molecules
plants store this to stockpile surplus glucose - starch
- true or false-cellulose is never branched
- true
- Structure of fat:
-
1) one molecule of glycerol
2) three molecules of fatty acids, joined by the removal of a water molecule
- a bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group
- ester linkage
- why are unsaturated fats liquid at room temp?
- the cis double bonding causes kinks in the hydrocarbon chains
- where do the double bonds of unsaturated fats come from?
- the removal of hydrogen atoms from the carbon skeleton
- trans double bonds=
- trans fats
- structure of phospholipids:
-
1. two fatty acids attached to glycerol
2. third hydroxyl group joined to phosphate group (negative electrical charge)
3. other small molecules can be linked - hydrocarbon tails of phospholipids are __________ and the phosphate head and attachments are ___________
-
hydrophobic
hydrophillic -
structure of ___________:
lipids, carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings - steroids
- structure of amino acids:
-
asymmetric carbon (alpha carbon)
amino group
carboxyl group
hydrogen atom
R-group (DETERMINES the property of amino acid) -
Amino acids-
if R group is a variation of H or CH3 (with other bonds) it is a _______molecule - nonpolar-look at page 79
-
amino acids
if R group is cariation of OH, SH, or NH2 (with other bonds) then the molecule is __________ -
polar
(look at page 79) -
amino acids with nonpolar side chains are __________
amino acids with polar side chains are ________ -
hydrophobic
hydrophillic - because they are charged, acidic and basic side chains are also _________
- hydrophilic
- protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins
- chaperonins
- what comes first, protein or DNA?
-
DNA in the nucleus programs protein production:
1) synthesis of mRNA in nucleus
2) movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore
3) synthesis of a protein - component of nucleic acid:
-
1) phosphate group
2) pentose sugar (Deoxyribose or ribose)
3) nitrogenous base (pyrimidines or purines) - adenine paires with _______ and guanine pairs with ________
-
thymine
cytosine