Feeds and Feeding
Terms
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- Explain why lipids provide more energy than CHO and how much.
- Provide 2.25 times more energy and heat per pound (or gram) than carbohydrates.
- What is the range of chain length of Fatty acids found in lipids?
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2 to 24 carbons.
- What is the difference between fat and oil?
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Fat is solid at room temp while oil is liquid.
- Define saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.
- Saturated have no double bonds between carbons while unsaturated fatty acids do.
- List the essential fatty acids.
-
Linoleic (C18:2)
Linolenic (C18:3) - GE
- Gross Energy. Amount of heat produced when a feed is completely oxidized.
- DE
- Digestible Energy. Amount of energy apparently absorbed from a feed after it has been consumed.
- ME
- Metabolized Energy.
- NE
- Net energy. Amount of feed energy that is going to be available for maintenance and productive functions.
- NEm
- Net Energy for Maintenance
- NEg:
- Net Energy for Grain
- NEL:
- Net Energy for Lactation
- List usable end products of digestion that are going to be absorbed.
- Glucose, VFAs, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, water.
- Name the 4 chambers of the stomach of ruminants. Which compartment produces HCl and enzymes?
- Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum, Abomasum (which produces the HCl and enzymes).
- Microbes digest CHO to VFAs which are?
-
Volatile Fatty Acids
- Microbes digest protein to what product?
- Amino acids.
- List end products of microbial digestion.
- Rumen gases and vitamins.
- List and spell out the 10 essential Amino Acids.
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Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Arginine
Tryptophan
Taurine - List water soluble vitamins.
- C & B
- List fat soluble vitamins.
- D, E, K, A
- List the macro minerals.
- Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, sulfur.
- List the micro minerals.
- Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, molybdenum, fluorine.
- List gases produced in the rumen.
- Carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfite.