MM and motor innervation of the Lower Limb
Terms
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- Gluteus Maximus
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Inferior Gluteal n. (L5,S1,S2)
- Extension of thigh at hip
- Lateral rotation of thigh - Gluteus Medius
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Superior Gluteal n (L5, S1)
- ABduction of thigh at hip
- Medial rotation of thigh
- Steadies the pelvis in walking - Gluteus minimus
-
Superior Gluteal n (L5, S1)
- ABduction of the thigh at hip
- Medial rotation of the thigh
- Steadies the pelvis in walking - Piriformis
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Branches from ventral rami S1, S2
- ABduction of the thigh when hip is flexed
- Lateral rotation of the thigh when hip is extended
- Helps to hold head of femur in acetabulum (steadies hip joint) - Obturator Externus
-
Obturator n (L3, L4)
- Lateral rotation of the femur - Obturator Internus
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Nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)
- Lateral rotation of thigh and aBduction of thigh when hip is flexed
- Helps to hold head of femur in acetabulum (steadies hip joint) - Gemellus Superior
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Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
- Lateral rotation of the femur
- Steadies hip joint - Gemellus Inferior
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Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
- Lateral rotation of femur
- Steadies hip joint - Quadratus femoris
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Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
- Lateral rotation of the femur - Iliopsoas
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Psoas major - ventral rami of lumbar nn L1-L3
Iliacus - femoral n L2, L3
- Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint - Tensor fascia lata muscle
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Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)
- ABduction and flexion of hip
- Tenses the iliotibial tract for aBduction
- Steadies trunk on thigh - Sartorius
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Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
- Hip flexion
- lateral rotation
- ABduction - Rectus femoris
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Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Hip flexion and knee extension - Vastus medialis
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Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Extension of the knee - Vastus intermedius
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Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Extension of the knee - Vastus Lateralis
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Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- Extension of the knee - Pectineus
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Femoral nerve (L2, L3) *sometimes the obturator nerve
- Flexion of the hip
- ADduction of the thigh - Adductor longus
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Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
- ADduction, flexion, and lateral rotation of thigh - Adductor Brevis
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Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
- ADduction and lateral rotation of the thigh - Adductor magnus
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Obturator nerve (L2-L4) - adductor portion
Tibial nerve (L4) - "hamstring" portion
- ADduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
- Extends thigh at hip (Hamstring portion) - Gracilis
-
Obturator nerve (L2-L3)
- ADduction of thigh
- Flexion of the knee - Biceps femoris - Long head
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Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
- Extension of the femur at the hip
- Flexion of the knee and lateral rotation of leg - Biceps femoris - short head
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Common fibular portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
- Flexion of the knee and lateral rotation of leg - Semitendinosus
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Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
- Extension at the hip
- Flexion of the knee
- Medial rotation of leg (with semimembranosus) - Semimembranosus
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Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
- Extension at the hip
- Flexion of the knee
- Medial rotation of leg (with semitendinosus) - Gastronemius
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Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
- Flexion of the knee
- Plantar flexion of the foot - Soleus
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Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
- Plantarflexion of the foot
- Steadies leg and foot during standing - Plantaris
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Tibial nerve
- Flexion of the knee
- Plantar flexion of the foot
- No practical importance** - Popliteus
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Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
- Flexion of great toe at all joints
- Plantarflexion of the foot ("push off" muscle during walking)
- Inversion of the foot - Flexor Hallucis Longus
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Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
- Flexion of great toe at all joints
- Plantarflexion of the foot ("push off" muscle during walking)
- Inversion of the foot - Flexor digitorum longus
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Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
- Flexion of all joints of lateral 4 toes
- Plantarflexion of the foot
- Inversion of the foot - Tibialis posterior
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Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
- Plantarflexion of the foot
- Inversion of the foot - Tibialis anterior
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Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
- Dorsiflexion of foot
- Inversion of foot - Extensor hallucis longus
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Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
- Extension of great toe
- Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot - Extensor digitorum longus
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Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
- Extension of lateral 4 toes
- Dorsiflexion and Eversion of foot - Fibularis tertius
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Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
- Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot (both as a synergist) - Fibularis longus
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Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
- Eversion and plantarflexion of the foot - Fibularis brevis
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Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
- Eversion and plantarflexion of the foot - Extensor digitorum brevis
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Deep fibular nerve (S1, S2)
- Extends digits 2-4 at metatarsophalangeal joints - Extensor hallucis brevis
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Deep fibular nerve (S1, S2)
- Extends the great toe - ABductor hallucis
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Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- ABducts and flexes great toe - Flexor digitorum brevis
-
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- Flexes lateral 4 digits - ABductor digiti minimi
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Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- ABducts and flexes 5th digit - Quadratus plantae
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Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- Assists FDL in flexing lateral 4 digits - Lumbricals
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Medial 1 - medial plantar n
Lateral 3 - lateral plantar n
- Flex metatarsophalangeal joints
- Extend interphalangeal joints of lateral 4 toes - ADductor hallucis
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Lateral planter nerve (S2, S3)
- ADducts 1st digit - Flexor Hallucis brevis
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Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit - Flexor digiti minimi brevis
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Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit - Plantar interossei
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(3) Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- ADduct toes (PAD) - Dorsal interossei
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(4) Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
- ABducts toes (DAB)