Words of the Day 7
Terms
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- Active Transport
- The Movement of substances across the cell membranes against a concentration gradient, requiring the expenditure of cellular energy (ATP).
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- A network of channels running through the cytoplasm of a cell that serves in intracellular transportation, support, storage, synthesis, and packaging of molecules. Portions of the ER where ribosomes are attached are the ROUGH ER and portions with no ribosomes are SMOOTH ER.
- Exocytosis
-
A process in which membrane-enclosed secretory vesicles form inside the cell, fuse with the plasma membrane, and release their contents into the interstitial fluid; achieves secretion of materials from the cell.
-Remember exo means exit. - Facilitated Diffusion
- An integral membrane protein assists a specific substance across the membrane. The protein can be a channel protein or a carrier. This happens when a substance is either too polar or highly charged to pass through the lipid bilayer on its own.
- Golgi Complex/Apparatus
- An organelle in the cytoplasm consisting of 4 to 6 flattened sacs(cisternae) that are stacked on one another, with expanded areas at their ends; the golgi functions in processing, sorting, packaging, and delivering proteins and lipids to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles.
- Hydrophilic
- Substances that are water loving.
- Hypertonic
- Solution that causes cells to shrink due to loss of water by osmosis.
- Hypotonic
- Describes a fluid with a low solute content relative to another fluid. Solution that causes cells to swell and possible rupture, due to gain of water by osmosis.
- Isotonic
- Describes a fluid with the same solute concentration relative to another. A solution having the same concentration of impermeable solutes as cytosol.
- Lysosome
- Enzyme filled vesicle; functions in intracellular digestion.
- Meiosis
- A type of cell division that occurs during production of gametes, involving two successive nuclear divisions that result in cells with the haploid number of chromosomes.
- Mitochondrion
- A double membraned organelle that plays a central role in the production of ATP. Known as the powerhouse of the cell.
- Mitosis
- The orderly division of the nucleus of a cell that ensures that each new nucleus has the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original nucleus. The process includes the replication of chromosomes, and the distribution of the two sets of chromosomes into two separate and equal nuclei.
- Nucleolus
- Spherical body within a cell nucleus composed of protein, DNA and RNA that is the site of the assembly of small and large ribosomal subunits.
- Osmosis
- The net movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from and area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration until equilibrium is reached.
- Phagocytosis
- The process by which phagocytes ingest and destroy microbes, cell debris, and other foreign matter. "Cell Eating"
- pinocytosis
- a form of endocytosis in which tiny droplets of extracellular fluid are taken up.
- ribosome
- a cellular structure in the cytoplasm of cells, composed of a smallsubunit ad a large subunit that contains ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins; the site of protein synthesis
- solution
-
a.the process by which a gas, liquid, or solid is dispersed homogeneously in a gas, liquid, or solid without chemical change.
b. such a substance, as dissolved sugar or salt in solution.
c. a homogeneous, molecular mixture of two or more substances - solute
- the substance dissolved in a given solution.
- solvent
- a substance that dissolves another to form a solution: Water is a solvent for sugar.