Geo 8 Quest Vocab
Terms
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- topography
- how the surface of the land looks
- What made basin and range
- Basin and range was formed by tension. Result of mountains being uplifted as basins fell down. Result of faulting, not folding.
- Fault block mountains
- Caused by normal faults. Result of tension. ex: basin + range
- What kind of mountain is not a result of structure
- Volcano
- What does compression create
- Reverse Fault
- What does tension create
- Normal Fault
- Stress
- the ammount of force that acts on a rock unit to change its shape or volume
- Strain
-
deformation caused by stress
examples: joints, faults, folds, fractures - Confining Pressure
-
Type of Stress that is uniform in all directions
Result of overlying rocks + causes a reduction in volume - Where are the rocks brittle, low confining pressure and low temperature?
- Upper Crust
- Depth
- confining pressure is high, rocks become ductile, deformed by flowing/folding
- Differential stress
- produce most crustal deformation, produced along plate margins
- Compressional stress
- when differential stresses act to shorten a rock body
- Tensional stress
- stresses act in opposite directions, pulls rock apart
- Shear
- Result of Stess. One goes up one way, one goes down the other
- Geologic map
- show dominant structures of a region. examples on map- syncline, anticline, monocline
- Strike
- trend, compass direction, horizontal to rock layer
- Dip
- inclination. put the red side of the compass up to the side of the rock vertically.
- folds
- flat-lying sedimentary rocks that were bent into folded patterns
- Limb
- 2 sides of a fold
- Axis
- aka the hinge line; its the line in the center of a fold along the points of maximum curvature
- Axial Plane
- line that divides fold symmetrically
- Anticline
- caused by upfolding of rock layers
- Symmetrical
- when limbs average at the same angle
- asymmetrical
- when the limbs dont diverge at the same angle
- overturned
- asymetrical fold
- recumbent fold
- overturned fold that lies on its side. Axial plane is horizontal
- What is an example of a plunging fold
- Appalachian Mtns
- Monoclines
- result of vertical displacement along faults
- domes
-
circular, broad upward
Example: black hills of south dakota - basin
- circular downward structure. appears 100% flat on a topo.
- faults
- fractures where displacement has taken place
- fault scarp
- vertical displacement resulting from dip fault
- normal fault
- hanging wall goes down
- reverse fault
- hanging wall goes up
- What is another term for basin
- Grabin
- What is another term for range
- horsts
- thrust or reverse faults
-
hanging wall goes up
result of compression - What is the difference between a thrust fault and a reverse fault
-
Thrust: dips less than 45 degrees
Reverse: dips more than 45 degrees - Strike slip fault
- horizontal movement
- Transform fault
- large strike slips along plate boundaries
- Joints
- fracture along which no displacement has occured
- Columnar joints
- igneous rocks that cooled and developed shrinkage fractures