POS 150 Exam 1
Terms
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- Definition of Comparative Politics
- Systematic study of patterns of authority spread across different societies and cultures
- Authority
- Power influences compulsion exercised through institutions over individuals and groups
- Societies
- the ways in which people organize themselves to facilitate interactions among them
- Culture
- values, principles, beliefs which hold society together
- Regime
- a way of organizing institutions of authority or rules by which authority is exercised by those institutions
- Democratic Regime
- A way of organizing institutions of authority in which opportunities for participating in those institutions are broad
- Authoritarian Regime
- A way of organizing institutions of authority in which an elite (relatively small) class exercises authority over a country without regard to its direct accountability or due process of law
- Illiberal Democracy
- Countries in which certain features of democracy exist while others do not. Lack the ability to guarantee and protect certain basic freedoms. Russia is an example.
- The State according to Max Weber
- The State is a network of institutions which possesses a monopoly over the legitimate use of violence within a given territory
- Functions of a State
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1. Maintain Order
2. Adjudicate Disputes
3. Enlarge Wealth
4. Protect or Rescue from Natural Disasters
5. Protect borders from external threats
- Unitary State
- Where authority is concentrated or centralized in a single set of national institutions. The minister of education knows what each child is studying at any single moment of any given day.
- Federal System
- An arrangement where the monopoly is broken down and shared between national and local institutions
- Consociational State
- Major parties given proportional share of all positions in state institutions divide between different religions or political parties
- Legitimacy (in terms of state)
- Voluntary compliance by individuals to the authority of a state
- Patrimonial Legitimacy
- Voluntary compliance on basis of tradition, custom, or religious justification
- Charismatic Legitimacy
- Compliance to the authority of an individual who embodies the aspirations of the people
- Legal-Rational/Constitutional Legitimacy
- Written rules about what a state can and cannot do and institutions who apply these rules more or less impartially
- Democratization
- The process of creating institutions and practices that are responsive to citizens demands and aspirations and which promotes the protection of citizens’ rights and the rule of law
- Globalization
- Promotion of prosperity and values through trade and investment with other nations
- Cultural Relativism
- Asserting that judgments about other cultures and societies are invalid because cultures as such have their own unique moral logic and justifications
- Empirical Statement
- A statement of fact that can be verified by sensory observation and can be analyzed through logical means.
- Normative Statement
- A statement of value preference related to an institutional arrangement or form of behavior
- A Stable Democracy is Built on...
- A predominant middle class of citizens
- Failed State
- A failed state is a term used to denote a situation in which arrangements of authority in a given country are extremely weak or nonexistent.
- Free Trade
- Reduction or elimination of tariffs on imported goods
- Free Market
- Free economic exchanges with a minimum state intervention in a nations economy
- Free Flow of Capital
- Encourage large investments, such as financial credit, factories, installing new technologies where economic opportunities are the best with little or no interference from the state.
- How the International Monetary Fund (IMF) works...
- The Fund acts as a bank which leads to a country which petitions for a loan to increase confidence in its economy
- Contagion
- Refers to a pattern of spreading the financial crisis from one country to others across the globe