SOC 100 exam 1
Terms
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- the study of human behaviors as they are affected by social interactions within groups, organizations, societies, and the planet
- sociology
- everyday events in which the people involved take one another into account by consciously and unconsciously attaching meaning to the situation, interpreting what others are saying, and the responding accordingly.
- social interaction
- ideas, feelings, and ways of behaving that possess the remarkable property of existing outside the consciousness of the individual
- social facts
- personal needs, problems, and difficulties that can be explained as individual shortcomings related to motivation, attitude, ability, character, or judgment
- troubles
- a relatively stable and predictable arrangement among people that has emerged over time to coordinate human interaction and behavior in ways that meet some social need
- institution
- an ongoing process by which mechanized systems of production and transportation have replaced handmade, muscle-drive, labor-intensive system
- industrial revolution
- addition of external sources of power such as coal, oil or steam to hand tools and modes of transportation
- mechanization
- in marxist theory, the major force that drives social change
- conflict
- resources essential to production and distribution of goods and services
- means of production
- owners of the means of production
- bourgeoisie
- individuals who sell their labor as means of production
- proletariat
- ties that bind people to one another in society
- solidarity
- act of severing relationships
- suicide
- suicide resulting from weak social ties that fail to attach the person to the group
- egoisitic suicide
- suicide resulting from social ties so strong that the self has no life apart from the group
- altruistic suicide
- suicide resulting from social ties disrupted by dramatic change in economic circumstances
- anomic suicide
- suicide resulting from social ties whose discipline is so oppressive it offers no chance of release
- fatalistic suicide
- actions people take in response to others
- social actions
- social action that pursues a goal because it was pursued in the past
- traditional action
- social action that pursues a goal in response to an emotion such as revenge, love, or loyalty
- affectional action
- social action that pursues a goal because it is valued, with no thought of its consequences and often without considering the appropriateness of the means chose to achieve it
- value-rational action
- social action that pursues a goal after it has been evaluated in relation to other goals and after thorough consideration of the various means to achieve it
- instrumental action
- great spiritual void accompanied by a crisis of meaning occurring when people focus so uncritically on the ways they go about achieving a valued goal that they lose sight of that goal
- disenchantment