GEL 1, Midterm 1
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- What is an earthquake?
- -Fault rupture in the earth
- What is the difference between Richter and Mercalli?
- Richter: -Energy released form earthquake -30energy to 1richter Mercalli: -What people experience -Roman Numerals
- Why use Moment Magnitude as opposed to Richter for big Earthquakes?
- The moment magnitude is determined by the area of a fault that actually ruptures in an earthquake
- Why use and create Mercalli intensity maps?
- -Use to see seismic rick of an area
- What is the difference between a P wave and an S wave?
- P-Waves: -Arrive first -Particle motion go with break S-Wave: -Second to arrive -Particles perpendicular to break
- How do you use the arrival times of the P and S waves to determine the location of an earthquake?
- he difference in time between the arrival of a P-wave and the arrival of an S-wave is proportional to the distance from the epicenter
- What is the difference between basalt and andesite?
- Basalt:high in iron & magnesium, low in silica andesite:high silica, low iron & magnesium
- What are the differences between the threat posed by a lava flow and by a pyroclastic flow?
- Lava is pretty slow, pyroclastic flows suspend above the surface in gaseous clouds
- What volcanic hazard poses the greatest threat to aircraft?
- Tephra
- Why is a nuée ardente so dangerous?
- Move very quickly, have gases
- How can an someone on the Earth tell whether a volcano on Mars is made of basalt or andesite
- Basalt volcanoes are low, shield volcanoes andesite are taller and called stratovolcanoes
- What do you use to determine if a volcano is about to erupt?
- -measuring the gas ratio nearby -watching for tilt and inflation
- What are some volcanic hazards posed by different volcanoes in the Cascades?
- -Lahars around mt Rainier -Landslide at mt shasta
- What information would you use in estimating the probability of a major volcanic eruption in California during the next fifty years?
- -tilt -gas