usmle: anatomy
Terms
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- pulls arytenoids closer to thyroid-> relaxing vocal ligaments -> decreasing pitch
- thyroarytenoids
- tenses vocal ligaments -> increasing distance between cartilages -> increasing pitch
- cricothyroids
- adducts vocal ligaments -> closes airway during swallowing AND allows phonation
- lateral cricoarytenoids
- abducts vocal ligaments
- posterior cricoarytenoids
- stenson's duct
- parotid duct (opp upper second molar)
- aortic arches
-
1st- maxillary
2nd- stapes
3rd- common and internal carotid
4th- aortic arch and
rt. subclavian
5th- degenerates
6th- rt and lt pulmonary arteries
(MS. CARD and pulmonary aa) - adduct thigh and flex hip
- obturator n.
-
plantar flex foot
flex toes
invert foot -
tibial n.
(tIbial n. -> Inverts) -
dorsiflex foot
extend toes
evert foot -
deep peroneal n.
(pEroneal n. -> Everts) - flex hip and extend knee
- femoral n.
- extend hip and flex knee
- tibial n.
- plantar flex foot and evert
- superficial peroneal n.
- branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus
-
STARS
upp Subscapularis
Thoracodorsal
Axillary
Radial
lower Subscapularis - rt. recurrent laryngeal n. passes under...
- rt brachiocephalic a.
- lt recurrent laryngeal n. passes under...
- arch of the aorta
- inferior mesenteric artery drains into...
- splenic vein
- acetabulum bones
- ischium, ilium, pubis
- epidural hematoma
- middle meningeal
- elevates and abducts eyeball
- inferior oblique
- depresses and abducts eyeball
- superior oblique
- uvula deviation in left vagus nerve lesion
- right
- subdural hematoma vessels
- bridging veins
- intertubercular groove of the humerus mm insertion
-
latissimus dorsi
teres major
pec major - taste to anterior two thirds of tongue
- chorda tympani of VII
- blink reflex
- V1 and VII
- most superior orbit mm
- levator palpebrae superioris
- what part of pericardium adheres to tunica adventita of great vessels
- fibrous
- two veins that form the portal vein
- superior mesenteric and splenic
- light reflex
- II and III (parasympathetic)
- lumbar puncture
-
skin
superficial fascia
deep fascia
supraspinatous
interspinatous
interlaminar space
epidural space
dural mater
arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space
(Sally Sue Didn't Scream In between Intern's Expected Deviations And Screw-ups) - sluggish pupil response to light and normal accomondation
- ciliary ganglion -> tonic pupil
- rotator cuff
-
SITS
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis - white rami communicantes
- preganglionic sympathetic axons
- suprascapular nerve innervates
-
supraspinatus
infraspinatus - upper subscapularis
- subscapularis
- thoracodorsal nerve
- latissimus dorsi
- long thoracic nerve
- serratus anterior
- flex wrist and digits, pronate wrist, and LOAF mm
- median nerve
- flex shoulder, flex elbow, supinate elbow
- musculocutaneous nerve
- innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digiti profundus (pinky and ring fingers), and intrinsic mm of hand
- ulnar nerve
- gag reflex
- IX and X
- vein that drains lower third of thoracic wall
- hemiazygous
- where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery
- when it crosses the teres major
- tongue deviates in a left CN XII lesion
- left
- vertebral level of common carotid bifurcation
- C4
- who gets femoral hernias
- Females
- where is the profundus femoris artery
- anterior compartment even though it supplies the posterior compartment
- relationship of the cupula to the subclavian artery and vein
- posterior
- vertebral level that aortic arch begins and ends
- T4
- which artery travels w/ great cardiac vein
- LADA
- middle cardiac vein
- posterior interventricular artery
- small cardiac vein
- right coronary artery
-
what passes at T8?
T10?
T12 -
T8- one: IVC
T10- two: esophagus and esophageal nerve plexus
T12- three: aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein - carotid sinus senses...
-
pressure
(*Sinus Pressure*) - taste to the posterior third of the tongue
- CN IX
- sympathetic control of which eye mm
- dilator pupillae
- three branches of lateral cord of brachial plexus
-
lateral pectoral
lateral head of median
musculocutaneous - how do veins in the face differ
- have no valves
- shoulder bony articulations
-
clavicle
acromion
glenoid fossa of scapula
humerus - elbow bony articulations
- humerus w/ ulna (major) and radius (minor)
- wrist bony articulation
-
radius w/ scaphoid and lunate
ulna w/ triquetrum and pisiform - only laryngeal mm innervated by the external laryngeal nerve
-
cricothyroid muscle (increases pitch)
all the rest are innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve - how many bronchopulmonary segments are there
-
10 on the right
8 on the left - seven structures found in more than one mediastinum
-
esophagus
SVC
vagus nerve
azygous vein
thoracic duct
thymus
phrenic nerve - what suspends the duodenal-jejunal flexure from the posterior abdominal wall
- ligament of treitz
- only tongue mm innervated by X
-
palatoglossus
all others are innervated by XII - five branches of the superior mesenteric artery
-
inferior pancreaticoduodenal
middle colic
right colic
ileocolic
10-15 intestinal aa. - what innervates the detrusor mm
- S2, S3, S4
- what connects the third and fourth ventricles
- cerebral aqueduct
- what nerve and artery could be affected in a humeral neck fracture
- axillary nerve and posterior humeral artery
- what hernia passes through the deep lateral ring of inguial canal
-
Indirect passes In the Inguinal canal
(direct goes directly through hasselbachs triangle) - what forms the external jugular vein
-
posterior auricular vn
posterior retromandibular vn - three branches of celiac trunk
-
left gastric
splenic
hepatic - where does the eustachian tube enter the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- only mm of soft palate innervated by V3
-
tensor veli palantini
(all others innervated by X) - what artery turns into the dorsalis pedis when it crosses the extensor retinaculum
- anterior tibial
- what connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
- foramen of monro
- sensation to anterior two thirds of tongue
- lingual branch of V3
- what type of pleura is adherent to the surface of an organ
- visceral
- what artery supplies the left ventricle,left atrium, and interventricular septum
- left coronary artery
- where are the tonsillar tissues
- Waldeyer's ring
- what three characteristics differentiate the large bowel
-
teniae coli
haustra
epiploic appendages - what area of the eye has no photoreceptors
- optic disk (blind spot)
- at the level of rib 6, the internal tghoracic artery divides into what two arteries
- musculophrenic and superior epigastric
- what is the name of inflammation of prepatellar bursa
- housemaid's knee
- what nerve roots make up the cervical plexus
- C1-C4
- only organ supplied by preganglionic sympathetic fibers
- adrenal medulla
- left subclavian artery is a branch of...
- aortic arch
- four mm of mastication
-
masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid - with what thoracic vertebra does rib 7 articulate
-
T7 and T8
***each rib articulates w/ its corresponding numerical vetrabral body and the vertebral body BELOW it - the three branhces of the inferior mesenteric artery
-
left colic
sigmoidal
superior rectal - only valve in the heart w/ two cusps
- mitral valve
- five clinical signs of portal HTN
-
caput medussae
esophageal varices
internal hemerrhoids
retroperitoneal varices
splenomegaly - what three mm constitute the erector spinae
-
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
(I Love Science) - what nerve is compromised in carpal tunnel
- median nerve
- what vascular injury may result from supracondylar fracture of the femur
- popliteal artery
- what nerve and artery could be affected in a midshaft humeral fracture
- radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
- name the 10 retroperitoneal organs
-
Duodenum
ascending Colon
Ureters
Pancreas
Suprarenal gland
Descending colon
Aorta
Kidneys
Rectum
IVC
(D CUPS DAKRI) - what foramen is transversed to get into the lesser peritoneal sac
- foramen of Winslow
- what goes through the foramen magnum
-
spinal cord
CN XI
vertebral arteries - foramen spinosum
- middle meningeal artery
- foramen rotundum
- V2
- foramen ovale
- V3 and lesser petrosal nerve
- jugular foramen
- IX, X, XI; sigmoid sinus
- carotid canal
-
internal carotid and
sympathetic nerve plexus - stylomastoid foramen
- CN VII
- hypoglossal canal
- CN XII
- internal auditory meatus
- CN VII and VIII
- optic canal
- II and ophtalmic artery
- cribiform plate
- CN I
- superior orbital fissure
- CN III, IV, VI and ophthalmic vein
- what vessel is atop the scalene anterior
- subclavian vein
- what part of the corneal reflex is lost in a CN VII deficit
- motor
- jaw deviation in rt CN V lesion
- right
- what two artries join to form the superifcial and deep palmar arches of the hand
- ULNAR and radial
- what two ligaments of the uterus are remnants of the gubernaculum
- round and ovarian ligaments
- what forms the tibial nerve
-
L4 to S3
(L2-L4 does the thigh
L4-S3 does the leg) - what forms the common peroneal nerve
-
L4 to S3
(L2-L4 does the thigh
L4-S3 does the leg) - what forms of femoral nerve
-
L2-L4
(L2-L4 does the thigh
L4-S3 does the leg) - what forms the obturator nerve
-
L2-L4
(L2-L4 does the thigh
L4-S3 does the leg) -
what three structures are in contact w/ the left colic flexure?
right colic flexure? -
spleen, stomach, left kidney
liver, duodenum, right kidney - what three muscles constitute the pes anserinus
-
sartorius
gracilis
semitendinous - only pharyngeal muscle NOT innervated by X
- stylopharyngeus is innervated by IX
- fracture of the fibular neck resulting in foot drop damaged what nerve
- common peroneal
- does the VAN run on the inferior or superior side of a rib
- inferior side
- what muscle laterally rotates the femur to unlock the knee
- popliteus
- what chamber of the eye lies between the iris and the lens
- posterior chamber
-
what artery supplies the right atrium
right ventricle
SA node
AV node - right coronary artery
- what four branches of the brachial plexus arise prior to the first rib
-
dorsal scapular
suprascapular
long thoracic
nerve to subclavius - the xiphoid process marks which vertebral level
- T9
- loss of eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion
- common peroneal nerve
- loss of flexion of knees and toes, plantar flexion, and weakened inversion
- tibial nerve
- loss of knee extension and weakened hip flexion
- femoral nerve
- loss of abduction of hip resulting in Trendelenburg gait
- superior gluteal nerve
- loss of flexion of the knee and all function below the knee, weakened extension of the thigh
- sciatic nerve
- loss of adduction of thigh
- obturator nerve
- what nerve lesion presents w/ ape or simian hand as its sign
- median nerve lesion
- first branch of the abdominal aortic artery
- inferior phrenic artery
- what vessel does right gonadal vein drein into
-
right gonal vein drains into IVC
left drains into left renal vein!! - what two muscles do you test to see of CN XI is intact
- trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
- what two CNs are responsible for the carotid body and sinus relfexes
- IX and X
- at what vertebral vels does the trachea bifurctae
- T4 (anteriorly it is the angle of Louis)
- what is the function of the arachnoid granulations
- resorb CSF into blood
- winged scapula
- long thoracic nerve
- what portion of the intervertebral disck is a remnant of the notochord
- nucleus pulposus
- what component of the pelvic diaphragm forms the rectal sling (muscle of continence?)
- puborectalis
- five branches of Median nerve of brachial plexus
-
Median
Medial antebrachial
Medial pectoral
Medial brachial cutaneous
Ulnar - what bone houses the ulnar groove
- humerus (between the medial epicondyle and the trochlea)
-
sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?
oropharynx?
laryngopharynx? -
V3 and glossopharyngeal
glossopharyngeal
vagus - what protective covering adheres to the spinal cord and CNS tissue
- pia mater
- what is the name of the urinary bladder where the uterers enter and the urethra exits
- trigone
- what is the term when the brachial artery is compressed, resulting in ischemic contracture of the hand
- Volkmann's contracture
- what attaches the cusps of the valves to the papillary mm in the heart
- chordae tendineae
- what is the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic organs
- internal iliac nodes
- what bursa is inflamed in clergyman's knee
- infrapatellar bursa
- chief flexor of the hip
- psoas major
- what muscles in the hand adduct the fingers
-
Palmar interosseus ADducts
(PAD)
(the Dorsal interosseus ABducts- DAB) - what type of cerebral bleed is due to a rupture of the berry aneurysm in the circle of willis
- subarachnoid hematoma
- what are the five termian branches of the facial nerve
-
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
(two zebras bit my clavicle) - cough reflex
-
superior larnygeal nerve of X
recurrent laryngeal nerve of X -
sensory innervation above the vocal cords?
below? -
internal laryngeal nerve
recurrent laryngeal nerve - C-shaped shock absorber; aids in attachment of tibia to femur via medial collateral ligament
- medial meniscus
- prevents posterior displacement and has medial to lateral attachment on tibia
- PCL
- prevents adduction of knee joint
- lateral collateral ligament
- prevents abduction
- medial collateral ligament
- Km
- Km