pharm 1 2
Terms
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Arterioles
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Sympathetic (adrenergic)
- Vasodilation; increased peripheral blood flow; hypotension -
Veins
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Sympathetic (adrenergic
- Dilation; peripheral pooling of blood; decreased venous return; decreased cardiac output -
heart
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Parasympathetic (cholinergic)
- Tachycardia -
iris
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Parasympathetic (cholinergic)
- Mydriasis -
ciliary muscles
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Parasymapthetic (cholinergic)
- Cycloplegia—focus to far vision -
GI
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Parasymapthetic (cholinergic)
- Reduced tone and motility; constipation; decreased gastric and pancreatic secertions -
Urinary bladder
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Parasympathetic (cholinergic)
- urinary retention -
Salivary glands
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Parasympathetic (cholinergic)
- Xerostomia -
Sweat glands
Predominant tone
effect of gangionic blockage -
- Sympathetic (cholinergic)
- Anhidrosis - Parasympathetic outflow
- Craniosacral
- sympathetic outflow
- Thoracolumbar
- Parasympathetic Ganglia
- At or near organ
- sympathetic Ganglia
- Paravertebral, prevertebral
- Parasympathetic Pre:post fibers
-
Long preganglionic
Short postganglionic - sympathetic Pre:post fibers
-
Short preganglionic
Long postganglionic - Parasympathetic distribution
-
- More limited
- branching more localized
- pre:post - Some 1:1; some (gut) l:8,000 - sympathetic distribution
-
- Throughout body
- Branches up and down ganglionic chains
- pre:post - 1:20 or more
- overlap Pre:post 3:1 - Parasympathetic Discharge
- Discreet, localized
- sympathetic Discharge
- Diffuse discharge
- Parasympathetic NT release
-
Ach from from preganglionic
Ach from from postganglionic - sympathetic NT release
-
Ach from from preganglionic
NE from from postganglionic - Parasympathetic Postsynaptic receptors
-
- Nicotinic at ganglia
- muscarine on postsynaptic effector - sympathetic Postsynaptic receptors
-
- Nicotinic at ganglia
- Alpha, Beta Adrenergic on postsynaptic effector - Parasympathetic Resting tone
- Housekeeping
- Sympathetic Resting tone
- Always active - degree varies from moment to moment and organ to organ
- Parasympathetic Massive discharge
- Sympathetic Massive discharge
- During stress; fight or flight
- Autonomic nerves
-
- 2-neuron relay
– preganglionic (myelinated) leaves CNS and synapses with 2nd, postganglionic (unmyelinated) at ganglion
- organs innervated by ANS have a degree of spontaneous activity - some function remains if nerves cut - Visceral afferent nerves
-
- carry sensory info back to CNS via periperal nerves
- form sensory arm of reflex arcs that control fcns like BP, resp, and other interrelated organ fcns - Somatic motor nerves
-
- myelinated axons that pass from CNS, through SC, and out to the SkM via peripheral nerve trunks
- no synapses except to the SkM outside CNS
- SkMs depend totally on nervous control - central ANS
-
- hypo - you know
- medulla - controls vasomotor (BP)
- higher centers - limbic anc cortex - Acetylcholine
-
- released by
- Pre neurons at all autonomic ganglia
- pre neurons innervating the adrenal medulla
- post para neurons
- Somatic motor neurons (but not part of ANS) - Nicotinic recptors
-
located on
- post neurons at all autonomic ganglia
- Adrenal medulla cells (a modified ganglia)
- and SkM (not part of ANS) - muscarinic receptors
- located on post para
- Adrenergic transmission
-
- NE is released by post symp neurons
– EPI is release by adrenal medulla
- both interact w/ Alpha and Beta receptors - baroreceptor afferents
- - through the vagus and glosso nerves to vasomotor center of medulla oblongata
- baroreceptor efferents
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- sympathetic fibers innervating the arterial resistance vessels
- symp and parasymp fibers innervating the heart